ElasticSearch入门 第五篇:使用C#查询文档

使用C#代码实现对ElastiSearch的编程查询,是十分方便的,通常情况下,开发者采用官方提供的NEST客户端程序,通过封装的方法向ElasticSearch引擎发送查询请求,搜索数据,最终获取返回的查询结果,实现预定的业务需求。在内部,NEST客户端通过格式化的数据结构,把C#代码转换成HTTP 请求(Request),减轻了用户直接编写Qeury DSL的麻烦。当然,用户也可以直接把Query DSL封装成HTTP请求,发送到ElasticSearch引擎;对开发者来说,不仅需要熟悉Query DSL的语法,而且需要手动编写代码,处理引擎返回的JSON结构化的数据集,采用这种方式的优点是不受限于NEST客户端程序,能够最大化使用ElasticSearch查询的各种参数,书写自由。

本文简单介绍使用C#代码对ElasticSearch进行编程查询的流程,具体的细节,请参考官方文档。

一,编程流程

1,创建客户端

在搜索文档之前,首先要连接到ElasticSearch引擎,创建客户端对象

using Nest;
var node = new Uri("http://myserver:9200");
var settings = new ConnectionSettings(node).DefaultIndex("default");
var client = new ElasticClient(settings);

2,创建查询请求

连接到引擎之后,创建搜索请求(SearchRequest),用于封装查询类型和查询条件

SearchRequest sr = new SearchRequest("meetup", "events");

3,指定查询类型和查询条件

为搜索请求指定查询类型,可以是词条搜索,或全文搜索

TermQuery tq = new TermQuery();
tq.Field = "eventname";
tq.Value = "azure";
sr.Query = tq;

4,调整查询结果

为搜索请求设置参数,排序,分页,和选择返回的字段等,在选择查询结果返回的字段时,推荐在查询请求(SearchRequest)中使用Source Filter。

在查询请求中,通过类RequestSearch的数组字段StoredFileds,把已存储字段添加到该数组中,ElasticSearch引擎只返回特定的字段,而不是文档的所有字段。在索引映射中,已存储字段的store属性为true,StoredFileds数组只能选择已存储字段(stored field)。

//windows
sr.From = 0;
sr.Size = 100;

//sort
ISort sort = new SortField { Field = "eventid", Order = SortOrder.Ascending };
sr.Sort = new List<ISort>();
sr.Sort.Add(sort);

//source filter
sr.Source = new SourceFilter()
{
   Includes = new string[] { "eventid", "eventname" },
   Excludes = new string[] { "roginalid", "description" }
};

5,执行查询请求

最后,客户端执行搜索请求,获取搜索结果,并将查询结果中的文档集转换成列表

var result = client.Search<MeetupEvents>(sr);
return result.Documents.ToList<MeetupEvents>();

二,示例代码,使用Nest客户端搜索文档

在该示例代码中,本文简单列举词条查询,匹配查询,布尔查询和正则表达式查询的示例代码。

1,词条查询

public List<MeetupEvents>GetResult_TermQuery( )
{
    //create term query
    TermQuery tq = new TermQuery();
    tq.Field = "eventname";
    tq.Value = "azure";

    //create search request
    SearchRequest sr = new SearchRequest("meetup", "events");
    sr.Query = tq;

    //windows
    sr.From = 0;
    sr.Size = 100;

    //sort
    ISort sort = new SortField { Field = "eventid", Order = SortOrder.Ascending };
    sr.Sort = new List<ISort>();
    sr.Sort.Add(sort);

    //source filter
    sr.Source = new SourceFilter()
    {
        Includes = new string[] { "eventid", "eventname" },
        Excludes = new string[] { "roginalid", "description" }
    };

    var result = client.Search<MeetupEvents>(sr);
    return result.Documents.ToList<MeetupEvents>();
}

2,匹配查询

public List<MeetupEvents> GetResult_MatchQuery()
{
    SearchRequest sr = new SearchRequest("meetup", "events");
    MatchQuery mq = new MatchQuery();
    mq.Field = new Field("eventname");
    mq.Query = "azure cloud";
    mq.MinimumShouldMatch = 2;
    mq.Operator = Operator.Or;

    sr.Query = mq;
    sr.From = 0;
    sr.Size = 100;
    sr.Sort = new List<ISort>();
    sr.Sort.Add(new SortField { Field = "eventid", Order = SortOrder.Ascending });

    ISearchResponse<MeetupEvents> result = client.Search<MeetupEvents>(sr);
            
    return result.Documents.ToList<MeetupEvents>();
}

3,正则表达式查询

public List<MeetupEvents>GetResult_RegexpQuery()
{
    SearchRequest sr = new SearchRequest();

    RegexpQuery rq = new RegexpQuery();
    rq.Field = "description";
    rq.Value = "azu.*";
    rq.MaximumDeterminizedStates = 20000;

    sr.Query = rq;

    var result = client.Search<MeetupEvents>(sr);
    return result.Documents.ToList<MeetupEvents>();
}

4,布尔查询

public List<MeetupEvents>GetResult_BoolQuery()
{
    SearchRequest sr = new SearchRequest("meetup", "events");

    BoolQuery bq = new BoolQuery();
    bq.Filter = new QueryContainer[]
    {
        new MatchQuery()
        {
            Field="eventname",
            Query="azure cloud",
            Operator=Operator.Or,
            MinimumShouldMatch=1
        },
        new MatchQuery()
        {
            Field ="eventname",
            Query="aws google",
            Operator=Operator.Or,
            MinimumShouldMatch=1
         }
    };
    bq.Should = new QueryContainer[]
    {
        new TermQuery()
        {
            Field="description",
            Value="azure"
        },
        new TermQuery()
        {
            Field="description",
            Value="cloud"
        }

    };
    bq.MinimumShouldMatch = 1;

    sr.Query = bq;

    var result = client.Search<MeetupEvents>(sr);
    return result.Documents.ToList<MeetupEvents>();   
}

三,把Query DSL封装成HTTP Request

向ElasticSearch引擎发送Http请求,在http请求中指定查询的类型和查询条件,引擎在收到请求后执行搜索,查询结果以HTTP 响应(Response)返回,开发者需要从Response返回的JSON结构字符串中解析搜索结果。

1,封装类库

以下HTTP网络编程代码,是我们项目组一姐Amy的作品,谢谢Amy的分享,代码可以进一步封装,在此文中,仅仅作为演示:

namespace ElasticSearchNet
{
    class ESRequest
    {
        string es_host;
        string es_port;
        string es_index;
        string es_type;
        private string url;

        public ESRequest(string host,string index,string type,string port="9200")
        {
            es_host = host;
            es_port = port;
            es_index = index;
            es_type = type;

            string requst_cache = "request_cache=true";
            url = string.Format("http://{0}:{1}/{2}/{3}/_search?{4}", es_host, es_port, es_index, es_type,requst_cache);
        }

        public string ExecuteQeury(string json_query)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            request.ContentType = "aplication/json";
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.Timeout = 1000 * 60;
            using (var sw = new StreamWriter(request.GetRequestStream()))
            {
                sw.Write(json_query);
                sw.Flush();
                sw.Close();
            }

            var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            using (var sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
            {
                return sr.ReadToEnd();
            }
        }
    }
}
View Code

2,执行查询

查询的结果是JSON结构的字符串,通常使用JObject和JToken类处理。

ESRequest es = new ElasticSearchNet.ESRequest("cia-sh-svr-sis3", "meetup", "events");
string json_query = @"
{ ""query"":{
        ""match"":{
            ""eventname"":""azure""
        }
    }
}
";
string strJsonResult=es.ExecuteQeury(json_query);

解析JSON的常用类库是:

  • # JSONPath
  • LINQ to JSON

参考文档:

Elasticsearch.Net and NEST: the .NET clients [5.x] » Search

Elasticsearch.Net and NEST: the .NET clients [5.x] » Query DSL

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