将xml文件作为一个小的数据库,进行学生的增删改查的简单实例
1.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Students> <student id="2"> <name>ttt</name> <age>44</age> </student> <student id="3"> <name>linda2</name> <age>22</age> </student> <student id="4"> <name>linda3</name> <age>23</age> </student> <student id="5"> <name>jack</name> <age>2</age> </student> <student id="1"> <name>yyh1</name> <age>22</age> </student> </Students>
2.Java代码
import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.w3c.dom.Text; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; //在学生管理系统里面,学生的学号是唯一的,姓名有可能重复 public class StudentManager { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Document doc = Domutils.getDoc(new File("xml文件的相对路径")); Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("欢迎来到学生管理系统\n\n\n请输入你要进行什么操作是:\n1.添加学生信息\n2.删除学生信息\n3.修改学生信息\n(请输入前边的序号)"); int num = input.nextInt(); if(num == 1) { addStudent(doc); }else if(num == 2) { delStudent(doc); }else if(num == 3) { updStudent(doc); } } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //修改学生信息 private static void updStudent(Document doc) { Element updStudent = null; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入你要修改的学生的学号:"); String studentid = input.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入新学生的姓名:"); String newName = input.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入新学生的年龄:"); String newAge = input.nextLine(); //将每一个学生的列出来,for循环判断你要修改信息的学生是哪一个 NodeList list = doc.getElementsByTagName("student"); for(int i = 0; i <list.getLength(); i++) { if(studentid.equals(list.item(i).getAttributes().getNamedItem("id").getNodeValue())){ updStudent = (Element) doc.getElementsByTagName("student").item(i).getFirstChild().getParentNode(); //对学生的name属性进行赋新值 updStudent.getElementsByTagName("name").item(i).getFirstChild().setNodeValue(newName); //对学生的age 属性赋新值 updStudent.getElementsByTagName("age").item(i).getFirstChild().setNodeValue(newAge); }else{ break; } } //找出根元素,将修改后的元素持久化到文件 Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); transform(root); System.out.println(updStudent); } //删除学生信息 private static void delStudent(Document doc) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //输入你要删除的学生的 学号 System.out.println("请输入要删除学生的学号:"); String studentid = input.nextLine(); Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); //将学生列成一个表,进行遍历,找对应学号的学生进行删除 NodeList list = doc.getElementsByTagName("student"); for(int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) { if((studentid).equals(list.item(i).getAttributes().getNamedItem("id").getNodeValue())){ Element delStudent = (Element) doc.getElementsByTagName("student").item(i).getFirstChild().getParentNode(); root.removeChild(delStudent); break; }else { System.out.println("没有该学生"); break; } } //持久化到文件 transform(root); } //添加学生信息 private static void addStudent(Document doc) { // System.out.println(doc.getElementsByTagName("student").item(1).getAttributes().getNamedItem("id").getNodeValue()); Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); //从控制台输入 Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入学生的序号:id = "); //将学生放到一个列表里面,看我们要添加的学生的学号里面是否已经有了,如果有,需要将新加入的学生的学号改一下 NodeList list = doc.getElementsByTagName("student"); String studentid = input.nextLine(); for(int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) { if(studentid.equals(list.item(i).getAttributes().getNamedItem("id").getNodeValue())){ System.out.println("该序号学生表里面已经存在,请重新输入一个新的序号:"); studentid = input.nextLine(); }else { break; } } System.out.println("请输入要添加学生的姓名:name = "); String name_value = input.nextLine(); System.out.println("请输入要添加学生的年龄:age = "); String age_value = input.nextLine(); //创建节点 Element student = doc.createElement("student"); Element name = doc.createElement("name"); Element age = doc.createElement("age"); Text namText = doc.createTextNode(name_value); Text ageText = doc.createTextNode(age_value); //关联节点之间的关系 root.appendChild(student); student.appendChild(name); student.appendChild(age); student.setAttribute("id", studentid); name.appendChild(namText); age.appendChild(ageText); //持久化到文件 transform(root); } //持久化到文件的方法 private static void transform(Element root) throws TransformerFactoryConfigurationError { TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); try { Transformer tf = factory.newTransformer(); tf.transform(new DOMSource(root), new StreamResult(new File("src/com/briup/dom/student.xml"))); } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TransformerException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
2.Dom解析文件(将获取解析文件的部分封装起来)
import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.attribute.AclEntry.Builder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; public class Domutils { public static Document getDoc(File file) throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException { //获取工厂模式 DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //获取builder对象 DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); //将要解析文件加载成一个树状文件,开始解析 Document document = builder.parse(file); return document; } }
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