Spring Bean的生命周期(比较详细)
spring作为当前Java最流行、最强大的轻量级框架,受到了程序员的热烈欢迎。准确的了解Spring Bean的生命周期是非常必要的。我们通常使用ApplicationContext作为Spring容器。这里,我们讲的也是 ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期。而实际上BeanFactory也是差不多的,只不过处理器需要手动注册。
转载请注明地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/p/3735273.html,谢谢。
一、生命周期流程图:
Spring Bean的完整生命周期从创建Spring容器开始,直到最终Spring容器销毁Bean,这其中包含了一系列关键点。
若容器注册了以上各种接口,程序那么将会按照以上的流程进行。下面将仔细讲解各接口作用。
二、各种接口方法分类
Bean的完整生命周期经历了各种方法调用,这些方法可以划分为以下几类:
1、Bean自身的方法 : 这个包括了Bean本身调用的方法和通过配置文件中<bean>的init-method和destroy-method指定的方法
2、Bean级生命周期接口方法 : 这个包括了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这些接口的方法
3、容器级生命周期接口方法 : 这个包括了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 和 BeanPostProcessor 这两个接口实现,一般称它们的实现类为“后处理器”。
4、工厂后处理器接口方法 : 这个包括了BeanFactoryPostProcessor等等非常有用的工厂后处理器接口的方法。工厂后处理器也是容器级的。在应用上下文装配配置文件之后立即调用。
三、演示
我们用一个简单的Spring Bean来演示一下Spring Bean的生命周期。
1、首先是一个简单的Spring Bean,调用Bean自身的方法和Bean级生命周期接口方法,为了方便演示,它实现了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这4个接口,同时有2个方法,对应配置文件中<bean>的init-method和destroy-method。如下:
[java] view plain copy
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">package springBeanTest;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
- /**
- * @author qsk
- */
- public class Person implements BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware,
- InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
- private String name;
- private String address;
- private int phone;
- private BeanFactory beanFactory;
- private String beanName;
- public Person() {
- System.out.println("【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化");
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性name");
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getAddress() {
- return address;
- }
- public void setAddress(String address) {
- System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性address");
- this.address = address;
- }
- public int getPhone() {
- return phone;
- }
- public void setPhone(int phone) {
- System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性phone");
- this.phone = phone;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Person [address=" + address + ", name=" + name + ", phone="
- + phone + "]";
- }
- // 这是BeanFactoryAware接口方法
- @Override
- public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory arg0) throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()");
- this.beanFactory = arg0;
- }
- // 这是BeanNameAware接口方法
- @Override
- public void setBeanName(String arg0) {
- System.out.println("【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()");
- this.beanName = arg0;
- }
- // 这是InitializingBean接口方法
- @Override
- public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
- System.out
- .println("【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()");
- }
- // 这是DiposibleBean接口方法
- @Override
- public void destroy() throws Exception {
- System.out.println("【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()");
- }
- // 通过<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
- public void myInit() {
- System.out.println("【init-method】调用<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法");
- }
- // 通过<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法
- public void myDestory() {
- System.out.println("【destroy-method】调用<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法");
- }
- }</span>
2、接下来是演示BeanPostProcessor接口的方法,如下:
[java] view plain copy
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">package springBeanTest;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
- public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
- public MyBeanPostProcessor() {
- super();
- System.out.println("这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- @Override
- public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
- throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改!");
- return arg0;
- }
- @Override
- public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
- throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改!");
- return arg0;
- }
- }</span>
如上,BeanPostProcessor接口包括2个方法postProcessAfterInitialization和postProcessBeforeInitialization,这两个方法的第一个参数都是要处理的Bean对象,第二个参数都是Bean的name。返回值也都是要处理的Bean对象。这里要注意。
3、InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口本质是BeanPostProcessor的子接口,一般我们继承Spring为其提供的适配器类InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter来使用它,如下:
[java] view plain copy
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">package springBeanTest;
- import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;
- public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends
- InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
- public MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor() {
- super();
- System.out
- .println("这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!");
- }
- // 接口方法、实例化Bean之前调用
- @Override
- public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class beanClass,
- String beanName) throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法");
- return null;
- }
- // 接口方法、实例化Bean之后调用
- @Override
- public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
- throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法");
- return bean;
- }
- // 接口方法、设置某个属性时调用
- @Override
- public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs,
- PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName)
- throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法");
- return pvs;
- }
- }</span>
这个有3个方法,其中第二个方法postProcessAfterInitialization就是重写了BeanPostProcessor的方法。第三个方法postProcessPropertyValues用来操作属性,返回值也应该是PropertyValues对象。
4、演示工厂后处理器接口方法,如下:
[java] view plain copy
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">package springBeanTest;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
- public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
- public MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor() {
- super();
- System.out.println("这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
- }
- @Override
- public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory arg0)
- throws BeansException {
- System.out
- .println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法");
- BeanDefinition bd = arg0.getBeanDefinition("person");
- bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("phone", "110");
- }
- }</span>
5、配置文件如下beans.xml,很简单,使用ApplicationContext,处理器不用手动注册:
[html] view plain copy
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
- <bean id="beanPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyBeanPostProcessor">
- </bean>
- <bean id="instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor">
- </bean>
- <bean id="beanFactoryPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor">
- </bean>
- <bean id="person" class="springBeanTest.Person" init-method="myInit"
- destroy-method="myDestory" scope="singleton" p:name="张三" p:address="广州"
- p:phone="15900000000" />
- </beans></span>
6、下面测试一下:
[java] view plain copy
- <span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">package springBeanTest;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- public class BeanLifeCycle {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println("现在开始初始化容器");
- ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- "springBeanTest/beans.xml");
- System.out.println("容器初始化成功");
- // 得到Preson,并使用
- Person person = factory.getBean("person", Person.class);
- System.out.println(person);
- System.out.println("现在开始关闭容器!");
- ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) factory).registerShutdownHook();
- }
- }</span>
关闭容器使用的是实际是AbstractApplicationContext的钩子方法。
我们来看一下结果:
现在开始初始化容器
2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@19a0c7c: startup date [Sun May 18 15:46:20 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [springBeanTest/beans.xml]
这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法
这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!
2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
信息: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@9934d4: defining beans [beanPostProcessor,instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor,beanFactoryPostProcessor,person]; root of factory hierarchy
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法
【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法
【注入属性】注入属性address
【注入属性】注入属性name
【注入属性】注入属性phone
【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改!
【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
【init-method】调用<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改!
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法
容器初始化成功
Person [address=广州, name=张三, phone=110]
现在开始关闭容器!
【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()
【destroy-method】调用<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法
/**
* ————————如果觉得本博文还行,别忘了推荐一下哦,谢谢!
* 作者:钱书康
* 欢迎转载,请保留此段声明。
* 出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/
*/
3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5
6 public class BeanLifeCycle {
7
8 public static void main(String[] args) {
9
10 System.out.println("现在开始初始化容器");
11
12 ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springBeanTest/beans.xml");
13 System.out.println("容器初始化成功");
14 //得到Preson,并使用
15 Person person = factory.getBean("person",Person.class);
16 System.out.println(person);
17
18 System.out.println("现在开始关闭容器!");
19 ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)factory).registerShutdownHook();
20 }
21