Django实现登录随机验证码的示例代码

登录验证码是每个网站登录时的基本标配,网上也有很多相应的文章, 但是从生成验证码到 应用到自己的网站上的全步骤,并没有看到很多, 为了节约大家的时间,我把整体步骤写下来, 即拿即用哈

1. 生成随机验证码

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont,ImageFilter
import random
import math, string
#字体的位置,不同版本的系统会有不同
font_path = '/Library/Fonts/Arial.ttf'
#font_path = '/Library/Fonts/Hanzipen.ttc'
#生成几位数的验证码
number = 4
#生成验证码图片的高度和宽度
size = (100,30)
#背景颜色,默认为白色
bgcolor = (255,255,255)
#字体颜色,默认为蓝色
fontcolor = (0,0,255)
#干扰线颜色。默认为红色
linecolor = (255,0,0)
#是否要加入干扰线
draw_line = True
#加入干扰线条数的上下限
line_number = (1,5)

def gen_text():
  source = list(string.ascii_letters)
  for index in range(0,10):
    source.append(str(index))
  return ''.join(random.sample(source,number))#number是生成验证码的位数


#用来绘制干扰线
def gene_line(draw,width,height):
  begin = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height))
  end = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height))
  draw.line([begin, end], fill = linecolor)

def gene_code(save_path,filename):
  width,height = size #宽和高
  image = Image.new('RGBA',(width,height),bgcolor) #创建图片

  font = ImageFont.truetype(font_path,25) #验证码的字体和字体大小
  #font = ImageFont.truetype(25) #验证码的字体和字体大小
  draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) #创建画笔
  #text = "我是中国人" #生成字符串
  text = gen_text() #生成字符串
  print(text)
  font_width, font_height = font.getsize(text)
  draw.text(((width - font_width) / number, (height - font_height) / number),text,\
    font= font,fill=fontcolor) #填充字符串

  if draw_line:
    gene_line(draw, width, height)
    gene_line(draw, width, height)
    gene_line(draw, width, height)
    gene_line(draw, width, height)

  image = image.transform((width + 20, height +10), Image.AFFINE, (1, -0.3, 0, -0.1, 1, 0), Image.BILINEAR) # 创建扭曲
  image = image.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜,边界加强
  image.save('%s/%s.png' %(save_path,filename)) # 保存验证码图片
  print("savepath:",save_path)
  return text

if __name__ == "__main__":
  gene_code('/tmp','test') #会把生成的图片存成/tmp/test.png

 2. 如何应用到你的django项目中

整个验证码的流程如下
1.用户访问登录页面,你的后台程序在给用户返回登录页面时,同时生成了验证码图片
2.用户输入账户信息和验证码数字,提交表单
3.后台判断用户输入的验证码和你生成的图片信息是否一致,如果一致,就代表验证码是没有问题的

问题就卡在第3步,你在第1步生成验证码并返回给用户后,由于一会用户还需要把这个验证码提交过来,你在后台就需要拿用户输入的和你之前生成 的验证码进行对比是否相等,

所以你必须在生成验证码的同时,把验证码存下来,存到哪? 必然是缓存,这样直接在存的同时加个超时时间 , 就可以限定验证码有效期了。

那存入缓存时的key是设置成什么呢?为了保证验证码的安全,我采取了以下设计

Django实现登录随机验证码的示例代码

3.代码实现

login视图

def acc_login(request):
  err_msg = {}
  today_str = datetime.date.today().strftime("%Y%m%d")
  verify_code_img_path = "%s/%s" %(settings.VERIFICATION_CODE_IMGS_DIR,
                   today_str)
  if not os.path.isdir(verify_code_img_path):
    os.makedirs(verify_code_img_path,exist_ok=True)
  print("session:",request.session.session_key)
  #print("session:",request.META.items())
  random_filename = "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase,4))
  random_code = verify_code.gene_code(verify_code_img_path,random_filename)
  cache.set(random_filename, random_code,30)

  if request.method == "POST":

    username = request.POST.get('username')
    password = request.POST.get('password')
    _verify_code = request.POST.get('verify_code')
    _verify_code_key = request.POST.get('verify_code_key')

    print("verify_code_key:",_verify_code_key)
    print("verify_code:",_verify_code)
    if cache.get(_verify_code_key) == _verify_code:
      print("code verification pass!")

      user = authenticate(username=username,password=password)
      if user is not None:
        login(request,user)
        request.session.set_expiry(60*60)
        return HttpResponseRedirect(request.GET.get("next") if request.GET.get("next") else "/")

      else:
        err_msg["error"] = 'Wrong username or password!'

    else:
      err_msg['error'] = "验证码错误!"

  return render(request,'login.html',{"filename":random_filename, "today_str":today_str, "error":err_msg})

template文件

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block body %}
  <div id="container" class="cls-container">
    <!-- BACKGROUND IMAGE -->
    <!--===================================================-->
    <div id="bg-overlay" class="bg-img img-balloon"></div>
   <!-- HEADER -->
    <!--===================================================-->
    <div class="cls-header cls-header-lg">
      <div class="cls-brand">
        <a class="box-inline" href="index.html" rel="external nofollow" >
          <!-- <img alt="Nifty Admin" src="img/logo.png" class="brand-icon"> -->
          <span class="brand-title">PerfectCRM <span class="text-thin">老男孩教育</span></span>
        </a>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!--===================================================-->
    <!-- LOGIN FORM -->
    <!--===================================================-->
    <div class="cls-content">
      <div class="cls-content-sm panel">
        <div class="panel-body">
          <p class="pad-btm">Sign In to your account</p>
          <form method="post">{% csrf_token %}
            <div class="form-group">
              <div class="input-group">
                <div class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-user"></i></div>
                <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" placeholder="Username">
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
              <div class="input-group">
                <div class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-asterisk"></i></div>
                <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password">
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">

              <div class="input-group">

                <div class="input-group-addon">

                  <img height="30px" src="/static/verify_code_imgs/{{ today_str }}/{{ filename }}.png">

                </div>

                <input style="height: 50px" type="text" name="verify_code" class="form-control" placeholder="验证码">

                <input type="hidden" name="verify_code_key" value="{{ filename }}" >

              </div>

            </div>

            <div class="row">

              <div class="col-xs-8 text-left checkbox">

                <label class="form-checkbox form-icon">

                <input type="checkbox"> Remember me

                </label>

              </div>

              <div class="col-xs-4">

                <div class="form-group text-right">

                <button class="btn btn-success text-uppercase" type="submit">Sign In</button>

                </div>

              </div>

            </div>

            {% if error %}

              <span style="color: red">{{ error.error }}</span>

            {% endif %}

          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
     <div class="pad-ver">

        <a href="pages-password-reminder.html" rel="external nofollow" class="btn-link mar-rgt">Forgot password ?</a>

        <a href="pages-register.html" rel="external nofollow" class="btn-link mar-lft">Create a new account</a>

      </div>
    </div>
    <!--===================================================-->

  </div>
  <!--===================================================-->
  <!-- END OF CONTAINER -->
{% endblock %}

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