Oracle通过sqlplus连接数据库的方式

通过sqlplus可以连接数据库根据用户权限进行数据或者设定操作，这篇文章介绍一下常用的连接方式。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：

• https://www.jb51.net/article/153533.htm

方式1(本机): / as sysdba

在oracle服务器，可以直接通过操作系统权限认证，使用sysdba方式登陆，前提是你可以登入服务器，并且拥有此权限。

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ id
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(dba) groups=1000(dba)
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 08:20:51 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL>

方式2(本机): sqlplus 用户名/密码

在本机除了sysdba，还可以通过用户名和密码的方式登陆进来

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 08:21:27 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> show user
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL>

方式3: 通过tnsname方式

通过tns设定，保证联通性的情况下使用 sqlplus 用户名/密码@Oracle实例名 的方式进行连接。

确认tns连接通畅

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ tnsping XE
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 10:32:55
Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = e871d42341c0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = XE)))
OK (0 msec)
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

确认oracle的监听进程正常启动

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ ps -ef |grep lsnr |grep -v grep
oracle   27   1 0 Oct16 ?    00:00:28 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

连接

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 10:34:04 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> show user
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL>

方式4: IP和port的方式定位

还可通过IP和port的方式定位Oracle实例进行连接：sqlplus 用户名/密码@//IP地址或者hostname:端口号/Oracle实例名

# netstat -tunlp |grep 1521
tcp6    0   0 :::1521         :::*          LISTEN   -        
# ip ad |grep 172.17
  inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0
# sqlplus system/abcd1234@//172.17.0.2:1521/XE
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 10:37:31 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>

方法5: 使用nolog 和 connect实现连接

准确的来说，这种方式和方式2/方式3/方式4没有本质区别，无非就是用户名/密码以及实例名的信息的写法不同而已，详细如下：

# sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 11:19:50 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect system/liumiao123
Connected.
SQL> connect system/liumiao123@XE
Connected.
SQL> connect system/liumiao123@//172.17.0.2:1521/XE
Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL>