在 Linux 上安装和配置 Munin 监控服务器

Munin 是一款类似 RRD tool 的非常棒的系统监控工具,它能提供给你多方面的系统性能信息,例如 磁盘、网络、进程、系统和用户。这些是 Munin 默认监控的内容。

 

Munin 如何工作?

Munin 以客户端-服务器模式运行。主服务器上运行的 Munin 服务器进程会从本地运行的客户端守护进程(Munin 可以监控它自己的资源)或者远程客户端(Munin 可以监控上百台机器)收集数据,然后在它的 web 界面上以图形的方式显示出来。

 

在服务器中配置 Munin

要配置服务器端和客户端,我们需要完成以下两步。

  1. 安装 Munin 服务器软件包并配置,使得它能从客户端收集数据。
  2. 安装 Munin 客户端,使得服务器能连接到客户端守护进程进行数据收集。

 

在 Linux 上安装 munin 服务器端

在基于 Ubuntu/Debian 的机器上安装 Munin 服务器:

  1. <span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> install munin apache2</span>

在基于 RedHat/CentOS 的机器上安装 Munin 服务器:

在基于 Redhat 的机器上安装 Munin 之前,你需要确保 启用 EPEL 软件仓库,因为基于 Redhat 的机器的软件仓库默认没有 Munin。

  1. <span class="kwd">yum</span><span class="pln"> install munin httpd</span>

 

在 Linux 上配置 Munin 服务器端

下面是我们要在服务器上启动 Munini 所进行的步骤:

  1. 在 /etc/munin/munin.conf 中添加需要监控的主机详情。
  2. 配置 apache web 服务器使其包括 munin 配置。
  3. 为 web 界面创建用户名和密码
  4. 重启 apache 服务器

 

步骤 1

/etc/munin/munin.conf 文件中添加主机条目。调到文件末尾添加要监控的客户端。在这个例子中,我添加了要监控的数据库服务器和它的 IP 地址。

示例:

  1. <span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">db</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">linuxnix</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">]</span>
  2. <span class="pln">address </span><span class="lit">192.168</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">1.25</span>
  3. <span class="pln">use_node_name </span><span class="kwd">yes</span>

保存文件并退出。

 

步骤 2

在 /etc/apache2/conf.d 目录中编辑或创建文件 munin.conf 用于包括 Munin 和 Apache 相关的配置。另外注意一点,默认其它和 web 相关的 Munin 配置保存在 /var/www/munin 目录。

  1. <span class="kwd">vi</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">conf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

内容:

  1. <span class="typ">Alias</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span>
  2. <span class="pun"><</span><span class="typ">Directory</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">></span>
  3. <span class="typ">Order</span><span class="pln"> allow</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">deny</span>
  4. <span class="typ">Allow</span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> localhost </span><span class="lit">127.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0.0</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">8</span><span class="pun">::</span><span class="lit">1</span>
  5. <span class="typ">AllowOverride</span><span class="kwd">None</span>
  6. <span class="typ">Options</span><span class="typ">ExecCGI</span><span class="typ">FollowSymlinks</span>
  7. <span class="typ">AddHandler</span><span class="pln"> cgi</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">script</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cgi</span>
  8. <span class="typ">DirectoryIndex</span><span class="pln"> index</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cgi</span>
  9. <span class="typ">AuthUserFile</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">passwd</span>
  10. <span class="typ">AuthType</span><span class="pln"> basic</span>
  11. <span class="typ">AuthName</span><span class="str">"Munin stats"</span>
  12. <span class="kwd">require</span><span class="pln"> valid</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">user</span>
  13. <span class="pun"><</span><span class="typ">IfModule</span><span class="pln"> mod_expires</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">></span>
  14. <span class="typ">ExpiresActive</span><span class="typ">On</span>
  15. <span class="typ">ExpiresDefault</span><span class="pln"> M310</span>
  16. <span class="pun"></</span><span class="typ">IfModule</span><span class="pun">></span>
  17. <span class="pun"></</span><span class="typ">Directory</span><span class="pun">></span>

保存文件并退出。

 

步骤 3

现在为查看 munin 的图示而创建用户名和密码:

  1. <span class="pln">htpasswd </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">htpasswd munin</span>

注意:对于 Redhat/Centos 机器,要访问你的配置文件,需要在每个路径中用 “httpd” 替换 “apache2”。

 

步骤 4

重启 Apache 服务器,使得 Munin 配置生效。

基于 Ubuntu/Debian :

  1. <span class="pln">service apache2 restart</span>

基于 Centos/Redhat :

  1. <span class="pln">service httpd restart</span>

 

在 Linux 上安装和配置 Munin 客户端

 

步骤 1

在 Linux 上安装 Munin 客户端

  1. <span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> install munin</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">node</span>

注意:如果你想监控你的 Munin 服务器端,你也需要在服务器端安装 munin-node。

 

步骤 2

编辑 munin-node.conf 文件配置客户端。

  1. <span class="kwd">vi</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">munin</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">node</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

示例:

  1. <span class="pln">allow </span><span class="pun">^</span><span class="lit">127</span><span class="pln">\.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln">\.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln">\.</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln">$</span>
  2. <span class="pln">allow </span><span class="pun">^</span><span class="lit">10</span><span class="pln">\.</span><span class="lit">10</span><span class="pln">\.</span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pln">\.</span><span class="lit">20</span><span class="pln">$</span>

  1. <span class="com">#</span><span class="pun">监听到哪个地址上</span>
  2. <span class="pln">host </span><span class="pun">*</span>

  1. <span class="com">#</span><span class="pun">以及哪个端口</span>
  2. <span class="pln">port </span><span class="lit">4949</span>

注意: 10.10.20.20 是我的 Munin 服务器,它连接到客户端的 4949 端口获取数据。

 

步骤 3

在客户端机器中重启 munin-node:

  1. <span class="pln">service munin</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">node restart</span>

 

测试连接

检查你是否能从服务器的连接到客户端的 4949 端口,如果不行,你需要在客户端机器中的防火墙打开该端口。

  1. <span class="pln">telnet db</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">linuxnix</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com </span><span class="lit">4949</span>

访问 Munin web 页面

  1. <span class="pln">http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//munin.linuxnix.com/munin/index.html</span>

希望这些能对你配置基本的 Munin 服务器有所帮助。 

在 Linux 上安装和配置 Munin 监控服务器

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