Linux环境安装Mysql数据库（手工+自动两种 详细版）

参考：
        http://www.linuxdiyf.com/viewarticle.php?id=65598
        http://bestchenwu.iteye.com/blog/1166998

第一种安装方式：
        安装MySQL后，需要初始化 授权表、启动服务器，并确保服务器工作正常。你还要让服务器随系统的启动和停止自动启动和停止。应当为授权表中的账户指定密码。在某些安装中，该程序自动运行。

1、添加mysql用户组以及用户
        groupadd mysql
        useradd -g mysql mysql

2、解压mysql 并制定安装目录
        cd /root/software/
        tar xvzf mysql-5.1.68.tar.gz
        cd mysql-5.1.68

3、configure
第一次配置  configure
        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-server-suffix=-unionread-edition --enable-assembler --enable-local-infile --enable-thread-safe-client --with-charset=utf8  --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --with-pthread --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-plugins=partition,innobase,innodb_plugin

报错：
checking for tgetent in -lncursesw... no
checking for tgetent in -lncurses... no
checking for tgetent in -lcurses... no
checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... no
checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... no
checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found

问题：configure时遇到缺少ncurses依赖包

解决:
查看nucrses并安装ncurses依赖包
        yum list|grep ncurses
        yum -y install ncurses-devel

安装完成以后重新配置 configure
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-server-suffix=-unionread-edition --enable-assembler --enable-local-infile --enable-thread-safe-client --with-charset=utf8  --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --with-pthread --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-plugins=partition,innobase,innodb_plugin

Thank you for choosing MySQL! mysql安装的第一步成功

4、make && make install
报错：
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/software/mysql-5.1.68/mysys'
source='my_new.cc' object='my_new.o' libtool=no \
        DEPDIR=.deps depmode=none /bin/sh ../depcomp \
        g++ -DDEFAULT_BASEDIR=\"/home/mysql\" -DMYSQL_DATADIR="\"/home/mysql/var\"" -DDEFAULT_CHARSET_HOME="\"/home/mysql\"" -DSHAREDIR="\"/home/mysql/share/mysql\"" -DDEFAULT_HOME_ENV=MYSQL_HOME -DDEFAULT_GROUP_SUFFIX_ENV=MYSQL_GROUP_SUFFIX -DDEFAULT_SYSCONFDIR="\"/home/mysql/etc\"" -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include -I../include -I../include -I.    -O    -fno-implicit-templates -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -c -o my_new.o my_new.cc
../depcomp: line 571: exec: g++: not found
make[1]: *** [my_new.o] Error 127
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/software/mysql-5.1.68/mysys'
make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1

问题：g++ not found 。
对比查看发现GCC已经安装但缺少g++，所以make时报错。

安装gcc-c++
        [root@open2 ~/software]# yum -y install gcc-c++
       
第三次 ./configure
        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-server-suffix=-unionread-edition --enable-assembler --enable-local-infile --enable-thread-safe-client --with-charset=utf8  --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --with-pthread --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-plugins=partition,innobase,innodb_plugin

make && make install
漫长的等待。

5、初始化授权表：
        /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql/
copy配置文件：
        cp /usr/local/mysql/share/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

6、启动mysql服务
        /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
设置启动服务
        cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
        chkconfig --add mysqld
        chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
#复制mysql启动到用户path下
        cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
#启动mysql
        service mysqld start
键入mysql 或者 全路径  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
可以登陆了。

7、修改root密码
        /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password XXXXXX
再次登陆
        mysql -uroot -p

第二种方式  rpm安装包手动安装：
    1)软件包：
        MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
        MySQL-client-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
    2)安装命令：
        rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
        rpm -ivh MySQL-client-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

执行安装时报错：
        [root@open2 ~/software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
        file /usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
        file /usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
        file /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
       
错误提示server与mysql-libs-5.1.66包冲突。
解决思路，先移除冲突的libs包，在进行安装
        [root@open2 ~/software]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
        mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
        [root@open2 ~/software]# yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1.66*
        [root@open2 ~/software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.54-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
成功。