shiro-授权（Authorization）

什么是授权？

授权，就是访问控制，控制某个用户在应用程序中是否有权限做某件事.

授权三要素：

权限、角色、用户

3.Shiro的三种授权方式

3.1 编码方式授权

package com.shiro.realm;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.Realm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class MyRealm1 extends AuthorizingRealm{

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);

    /**
     * 获取身份信息，我们可以在这个方法中，从数据库获取该用户的权限和角色信息
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        log.info("----------doGetAuthorizationInfo方法被调用----------");
        String username = (String) getAvailablePrincipal(principals);
        //通过用户名从数据库获取权限字符串
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        //权限
        Set<String> s = new HashSet<String>();
        s.add("printer:print");
        s.add("printer:query");
        info.setStringPermissions(s);
        //角色
        Set<String> r = new HashSet<String>();
        r.add("role1");
        info.setRoles(r);

        return info;
    }
    /**
     * 在这个方法中，进行身份验证
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(
            AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        //用户名
        String username = (String) token.getPrincipal();
        log.info("username:"+username);
        //密码
        String password = new String((char[])token.getCredentials());
        log.info("password:"+password);
        //从数据库获取用户名密码进行匹配，这里为了方面，省略数据库操作
        if(!"admin".equals(username)){
            throw new UnknownAccountException();
        }
        if(!"123".equals(password)){
            throw new IncorrectCredentialsException();
        }
        //身份验证通过,返回一个身份信息
        AuthenticationInfo aInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(username,password,getName());

        return aInfo;
    }

}

• 配置文件（shiro-realm.ini）

#声明一个realm  
MyRealm1=com.shiro.realm.MyRealm1 
#指定securityManager的realms实现  
securityManager.realms=$MyRealm1

• 验证权限和角色

package com.shiro.realm;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Main {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //获取SecurityManager的实例
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro-realm.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        Subject currenUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        //如果还未认证
        if(!currenUser.isAuthenticated()){
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("admin","123");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currenUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("没有该用户： " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info( token.getPrincipal() + " 的密码不正确!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info( token.getPrincipal() + " 被锁定 ，请联系管理员");
            }catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //其他未知的异常
            }
        }

        if(currenUser.isAuthenticated())
            log.info("用户 "+currenUser.getPrincipal() +" 登录成功");
        //=====================使用编码方式进行权限和角色的验证==================
        //是否有role1这个角色
        if(currenUser.hasRole("role1")){
            log.info("有角色role1");
        }else{
            log.info("没有角色role1");
        }
        //是否有对打印机进行打印操作的权限
        if(currenUser.isPermitted("printer:print")){
            log.info("可以对打印机进行打印操作");
        }else {
            log.info("不可以对打印机进行打印操作");
        }
    }

}

• 除了上面用到的hasRole和isPermitted，还有其他api可以验证授权

—————————————————-角色————————————————–

—————————————————-权限————————————————–

3.2 基于注解的授权

基于注解的授权，需要有AOP的支持，我们这里使用spring

• 创建一个java工程（注意，不是web工程，两者的配置有一些差别）

• 自定义Realm（这一步和上面的MyRealm1一模一样，复制一份即可）

• 在src下创建spring配置文件（applicationContext.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shiro.anno"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置Realm -->
    <bean id="MyRealm1" class="com.shiro.anno.MyRealm1"></bean>

    <!-- 配置securityManager -->
    <bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSecurityManager">
        <property name="realm" ref="MyRealm1" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 生命周期 -->
    <bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor" />

    <!-- 启用shiro注解 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator" depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
    <bean
        class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
        <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 
        让securityManager这个bean成为静态单例的bean
        注意：在web应用中，不要配置这个
    -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean">
        <property name="staticMethod"
            value="org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager" />
        <property name="arguments" ref="securityManager" />
    </bean>

</beans>

• 写一个类用于注解授权

package com.shiro.anno;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresPermissions;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class HelloAnno {

    public void login(){

        Subject currenUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("admin","123");
        token.setRememberMe(true);
        currenUser.login(token);
    }
    /**
     * 有printer:print权限才能调用该方法
     * 否则抛异常
     */
    @RequiresPermissions({"printer:print"})
    public void testAnnotation(){
        System.out.println("使用注解方式。。。");
    }
}

• 测试

package com.shiro.anno;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        HelloAnno helloAnno = (HelloAnno)ctx.getBean("helloAnno");

        helloAnno.login();
        //有权限时，该方法才正常调用，否则抛异常
        helloAnno.testAnnotation();
    }
}

当有权限时，正常调用，没有权限时，结果如下 

• 还有其他的注解

3.3 JSP标签授权

1.上面使用的是普通的java工程结合spring进行注解方式的授权，jsp标签授权就必须使用web项目了。 
2.我们这次使用springmvc+spring+shiro

• 创建web项目
• 创建HelloAnno.java和MyRealm1.java（和上面一模一样，复制即可）
• 在src下创建springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.shiro.controller"></context:component-scan>

    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>  
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>  
    </bean>  

</beans>

• 在src下创建applicationContext.xml

• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
      xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
  
      <context:component-scan base-package="com.shiro.annotation"></context:component-scan>
  
      <!-- shiro过滤器bean，id要和web.xml中filter-name一致 -->
      <bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
          <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
  
          <property name="filterChainDefinitions">
              <value>
                  #这里相当于ini配置文件中的[urls]
                  #url=拦截器[参数]，拦截器
                  # some example chain definitions:
                  /admin/** = authc, roles[admin]
                  /docs/** = authc, perms[document:read]
                  # 当访问login时，不用进行认证（anon表示匿名）
                  /login = anon
                  /** = authc
                  # more URL-to-FilterChain definitions here
              </value>
          </property>
      </bean>
  
      <!-- 配置securityManager -->
      <bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">  
          <property name="realm" ref="myRealm" />
          <!-- <property name="sessionMode" value="native"/> -->
      </bean>
      <!-- 生命周期 -->
      <bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor" />
  
      <!-- 配置Realm: -->
      <bean id="myRealm" class="com.shiro.annotation.MyRealm1"></bean>
  
      <!-- 启用shiro注解 -->
      <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator" depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
      <bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
          <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
      </bean>
  
      <!-- ============一般情况还要配置 数据源，事务 等等=============== -->
  </beans>

   其实在spring配置文件中，只使用到了spring的IOC容器，其他的配置都是在配置shiro

• web.xml中配置，让spring，springmvc，shiro过滤器起作用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>shiro2</display-name>



  <!-- name要和 applicationContext.xml中的对应的bean的id一致 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping> 

    <!-- 配置启动 Spring IOC 容器的 Listener -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Bootstraps the root web application context before servlet initialization -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- springmvc.xml -->
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
      </servlet>  

      <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
      </servlet-mapping> 

</web-app>

• 在web目录下创建login.jsp登录界面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>login</h1>
    <form action="login">
        <label>username:</label>
        <input type="text" name="username"/>
        <label>password:</label>
        <input type="text" name="password"/>
        <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

• 对应的处理登录请求的controller

package com.shiro.controller;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.shiro.annotation.HelloAnno;

@Controller
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private HelloAnno helloAnno;

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String test(String username,String password){
        System.out.println("username:"+username);
        System.out.println("password"+password);

        //登录
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //如果登录失败，会抛异常，应该要捕捉异常
        currentUser.login(token);

        if(currentUser.isAuthenticated()){
            System.out.println("认证成功");
            //有权限才能调用该方法，没权限将抛异常
            helloAnno.testAnnotation();
        }

        return "success";
    }
}

• 在WEB-INF/views下创建success.jsp（要导入标签库）

<%@ taglib prefix="shiro" uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags" %>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="shiro" uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>successful</h1>
    <!-- 如果当前用户有printer:print权限，标签内的内容才显示 -->
    <shiro:hasPermission name="printer:print">
        我有打印机的打印权限
    </shiro:hasPermission>
    <shiro:hasPermission name="printer:query">
        我有打印机的查询权限
    </shiro:hasPermission>
    <shiro:hasPermission name="printer:delete">
        我有打印机的删除权限
    </shiro:hasPermission>
</body>
</html>

在我们自定义的Realm中，我们给了该用户两个权限（printer:print和printer:query），因此success.jsp页面应该打印出有查询和打印两个权限，我们来看看结果是否与我们预期