Java学习笔记20(String类应用、StringBuffer类、StringBuilder类)
1.获取指定字符串中大小写和数字的个数:
package demo; public class StringTest { public static void main(String[] args) { getCount("IamHandsome666"); } public static void getCount(String str) { int upper = 0; int lower = 0; int digit = 0; for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { char c = str.charAt(i); if (c >= 65 && c <= 90) { upper++; } else if (c >= 97 && c <= 122) { lower++; } else if (c >= 48 && c <= 57) { digit++; } } System.out.println(upper);//2 System.out.println(lower);//9 System.out.println(digit);//3 } }
2.将一个字符串中第一个字母转成大写,其余字母转成小写并打印
package demo; public class StringTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String string = toConvert("iAMhaNdSoMe"); System.out.println(string); //输出:Iamhandsome } public static String toConvert(String str) { String first = str.substring(0,1); String after = str.substring(1); first = first.toUpperCase(); after = after.toLowerCase(); return first+after; } }
3.从一个长字符串中找小字符串出现的次数:
package demo; public class StringTest { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(getStringCount("Ilikejava,andjavaisthebest,java", "java")); } public static int getStringCount(String str, String key) { int count = 0; int index = 0; while ((index = str.indexOf(key)) != -1) { count++; str = str.substring(index+key.length()); } return count; } } //输出:3
String字符串无法改变,会有一些不便之处
所以介绍一个新类
StringBuffer类,字符串缓冲区
出现目的:为了提高字符串操作效率
内部采用了可变数组的方法,类内部定义了数组,这个数组没有final
数组的默认容量是16
关于它的方法,这里用一个示例来理解:
package demo; public class StringBufferDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { append(); delete(); insert(); replace(); reverse(); toString_(); } public static void append(){ StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append(6); buffer.append("hello"); System.out.println(buffer); //6hello } public static void delete(){ StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("helloIlikeJava"); buffer.delete(1, 2); buffer.deleteCharAt(8); System.out.println(buffer); //hlloIlikJava } public static void insert(){ StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("java"); buffer.insert(1, "Python"); System.out.println(buffer); //jPythonava } public static void replace(){ StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("abcdefg"); buffer.replace(2, 4, "H"); System.out.println(buffer); //abHefg } public static void reverse(){ StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("abcdefg"); buffer.reverse(); System.out.println(buffer); //gfedcba } public static void toString_(){ StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("abcdefg"); String string = buffer.toString(); System.out.println(string); //输出一个String类型的abcdefg,即字符串 } }
StringBuffer类实例:
public class StringBufferTest { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] arr = {4,1,4,56,7,8,76}; System.out.println(toString(arr)); } /* * 目的: * int[] arr = {34,12,89,68};将一个int[]中元素转成字符串 * 格式 [34,12,89,68] */ public static String toString(int[] arr){ //创建字符串缓冲区 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("["); //数组遍历 for(int i = 0 ; i < arr.length;i++){ //判断是不是数组的最后一个元素 if(i == arr.length-1){ buffer.append(arr[i]).append("]"); }else{ buffer.append(arr[i]).append(","); } } return buffer.toString(); } }
还有一个StringBuilder类,方法和StringBuffer的方法完全相同
区别:
StringBuffer类是一个线程安全的类,StringBuilder类是一个线程不安全的类,不过它更快
线程知识在后边会讲到,
日常开发建议使用StringBuilder类,因为相对速度更快
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