Linux系统入门教程：在桌面版 Ubuntu 中用命令行更改系统代理设

问题: 我经常需要在桌面版 Ubuntu 中更改系统代理设置，但我不想通过繁琐的 GUI 菜单点击："系统设置" -> "网络" -> "网络代理"。在命令行中有更方便的方法更改桌面版的代理设置吗？

在桌面版 Ubuntu 中，它的桌面环境设置，包括系统代理设置，都存储在 DConf 数据库，这是简单的键值对存储。如果你想通过系统设置菜单修改桌面属性，更改会持久保存在后端的 DConf 数据库。在 Ubuntu 中更改 DConf 数据库有基于图像用户界面和非图形用户界面的两种方式。系统设置或者 dconf-editor 是访问 DConf 数据库的图形方法，而 gsettings 或 dconf 就是能更改数据库的命令行工具。

下面介绍如何用 gsettings 从命令行更改系统代理设置。

gsettings 读写特定 Dconf 设置的基本用法如下：

更改 DConf 设置:

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="str"><schema></span><span class="str"><key></span><span class="str"><value></span>

读取 DConf 设置:

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="str"><schema></span><span class="str"><key></span>

通过命令行更改系统代理设置为手动

桌面版 Ubuntu 中下面的命令会更改 HTTP 代理设置为 "my.proxy.com:8000"。

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">http host </span><span class="str">'my.proxy.com'</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">http port </span><span class="lit">8000</span>
3. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy mode </span><span class="str">'manual'</span>

如果你还想更改 HTTPS/FTP 代理为手动，用这些命令：

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">https host </span><span class="str">'my.proxy.com'</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">https port </span><span class="lit">8000</span>
3. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">ftp host </span><span class="str">'my.proxy.com'</span>
4. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">ftp port </span><span class="lit">8000</span>

更改套接字主机设置为手动：

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">socks host </span><span class="str">'my.proxy.com'</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">socks port </span><span class="lit">8000</span>

上面的更改都只适用于当前的桌面用户。如果你想在系统范围内使用代理设置更改，在 gsettings 命令面前添加 sudo。例如：

1. <span class="pln">$ sudo gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">http host </span><span class="str">'my.proxy.com'</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ sudo gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">http port </span><span class="lit">8000</span>
3. <span class="pln">$ sudo gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy mode </span><span class="str">'manual'</span>

在命令行中更改系统代理设置为自动

如果你正在使用 自动配置代理 (proxy auto configuration，PAC)，输入以下命令更改为 PAC。

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy mode </span><span class="str">'auto'</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy autoconfig</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">url http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//my.proxy.com/autoproxy.pac</span>

在命令行中清除系统代理设置

最后，清除所有“手动/自动”代理设置，还原为无代理设置：

1. <span class="pln">$ gsettings </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pln"> org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gnome</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">system</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">proxy mode </span><span class="str">'none'</span>

via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/change-system-proxy-settings-command-line-ubuntu-desktop.html

作者：Dan Nanni 译者：ictlyh 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译，Linux中国 荣誉推出