JS学习笔记(第9章)(客户端检测)
1、能力检测
能力检测的目标不是识别特定的浏览器,而是识别浏览器的能力。在可能的情况下,要尽量使用typeof进行能力检测。在浏览器环境下测试任何对象的某的特性是否存在,要使用下面的函数:
function isHostMethod(object,property) { var t = typeof object[property]; return t=='function' || (!!(t=='object' && object[[property]])) || t=='unknown'; } result = isHostMethod(xhr,"open"); //true result = isHostMethod(xhr,"foo"); //false
2、怪癖检测
怪癖检测的目标是识别浏览器的特殊性为,怪癖实际上是浏览器实现中存在的bug。
3、用户代理检测
通过检测用户代理字符串来识别浏览器。用户代理字符串中包含大量与浏览器有关的信息,包括浏览器、平台、操作系统及浏览器版本。
(1)识别呈现引擎
(2)识别浏览器
(3)识别平台
(4)识别Winidows操作系统
(5)识别移动设备
(6)识别游戏系统
完整代码如下:
var client = function(){ //呈现引擎 var engine = { ie: 0, gecko: 0, webkit: 0, khtml: 0, opera: 0, //完整的版本号 ver: null }; //浏览器 var browser = { //主要浏览器 ie: 0, firefox: 0, safari: 0, konq: 0, opera: 0, chrome: 0, //具体版本号 ver: null }; //平台、设备和操作系统 var system = { win: false, mac: false, x11: false, //移动设备 iphone: false, ipod: false, ipad: false, ios: false, android: false, nokiaN: false, winMobile: false, //游戏系统 wii: false, ps: false }; //检测呈现引擎和浏览器 var ua = navigator.userAgent; if (window.opera){ engine.ver = browser.ver = window.opera.version(); engine.opera = browser.opera = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/AppleWebKit\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.webkit = parseFloat(engine.ver); //确定是chrome还是safari if (/Chrome\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.chrome = parseFloat(browser.ver); } else if (/Version\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.safari = parseFloat(browser.ver); } else { //近似地确定版本好=号 var safariVersion = 1; if (engine.webkit < 100){ safariVersion = 1; } else if (engine.webkit < 312){ safariVersion = 1.2; } else if (engine.webkit < 412){ safariVersion = 1.3; } else { safariVersion = 2; } browser.safari = browser.ver = safariVersion; } } else if (/KHTML\/(\S+)/.test(ua) || /Konqueror\/([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.khtml = browser.konq = parseFloat(engine.ver); } else if (/rv:([^\)]+)\) Gecko\/\d{8}/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.gecko = parseFloat(engine.ver); //确定是不是Firefox if (/Firefox\/(\S+)/.test(ua)){ browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; browser.firefox = parseFloat(browser.ver); } } else if (/MSIE ([^;]+)/.test(ua)){ engine.ver = browser.ver = RegExp["$1"]; engine.ie = browser.ie = parseFloat(engine.ver); } //检测浏览器 browser.ie = engine.ie; browser.opera = engine.opera; //检测平台 var p = navigator.platform; system.win = p.indexOf("Win") == 0; system.mac = p.indexOf("Mac") == 0; system.x11 = (p == "X11") || (p.indexOf("Linux") == 0); //检测 windows 操作系统 if (system.win){ if (/Win(?:dows )?([^do]{2})\s?(\d+\.\d+)?/.test(ua)){ if (RegExp["$1"] == "NT"){ switch(RegExp["$2"]){ case "5.0": system.win = "2000"; break; case "5.1": system.win = "XP"; break; case "6.0": system.win = "Vista"; break; case "6.1": system.win = "7"; break; default: system.win = "NT"; break; } } else if (RegExp["$1"] == "9x"){ system.win = "ME"; } else { system.win = RegExp["$1"]; } } } //移动设备 system.iphone = ua.indexOf("iPhone") > -1; system.ipod = ua.indexOf("iPod") > -1; system.ipad = ua.indexOf("iPad") > -1; system.nokiaN = ua.indexOf("NokiaN") > -1; //windows mobile if (system.win == "CE"){ system.winMobile = system.win; } else if (system.win == "Ph"){ if(/Windows Phone OS (\d+.\d+)/.test(ua)){; system.win = "Phone"; system.winMobile = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]); } } //检测iOS版本 if (system.mac && ua.indexOf("Mobile") > -1){ if (/CPU (?:iPhone )?OS (\d+_\d+)/.test(ua)){ system.ios = parseFloat(RegExp.$1.replace("_", ".")); } else { system.ios = 2; //不能真正检测出来,所以只能猜测 } } //检测Android版本 if (/Android (\d+\.\d+)/.test(ua)){ system.android = parseFloat(RegExp.$1); } //游戏系统 system.wii = ua.indexOf("Wii") > -1; system.ps = /playstation/i.test(ua); //返回这些对象 return { engine: engine, browser: browser, system: system }; }();
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