python 3.6 tkinter+urllib+json实现火车车次信息查询功能

一、概述

妹子工作时需要大量地查询火车车次至南京的信息，包括该车次到达站（南京站or南京南站）、到达时间、出发时间等，然后根据这些信息做下一步工作。

版本结束，趁着间歇期，帮她弄了个简易的批量查询工具，粉色的按钮是给她用的~哈哈哈！ (๑*◡*๑)

大概80行代码，主要是：

界面读取待查询车次 - - - - 调用车次信息接口- - - - 解析返回数据 - - - - 组装结果 - - - - 封装到界面（tkinter）

python+tkinter实现界面，详见之前的学习笔记：//www.jb51.net/article/131059.htm

最终效果图：

二、实现

1.界面读取待查询车次

之前总结过使用tkinter实现GUI，详见之前的笔记：//www.jb51.net/article/131059.htm

2.调用车次信息接口

题外话，之前是做的从界面读取待查询车次信息，然后构造成携程的查询url，取到数据后筛选信息；

但后续在取到页面数据后，decode时发现总抛解码异常，百度之，原因是页面源码中编码格式有多样，decode时需要加个错误跳过参数。。

但车次信息恰巧在跳过之列。。。

但是已经跟妹子说很快就能搞好（装b），于是就直接申请了某第三方平台的接口 QAQ

网上查了下，免费的接口基本都不提供服务了。于是用的某第三方平台的接口（某速数据），注册赠1000条，续费5元1W条（暂时没续=。=）

#调用车次信息接口，获取车次信息
 def getTrainScheduleInfo(self,trainSchedule):
  trainBaseInfo = ""
  #拼接URL
  url = "http://api.xxxx.com/train/line?appkey=xxxxxx&trainno=" + trainSchedule
  #print(url)
  #获取数据
  try:
   trainBaseInfo = self.send_GET_request(url)　　#发送GET请求，python3.X是用urllib.request库，网上很多
  except:
   print("ERROR:FUNC getTrainScheduleInfo select_items_from_url failed.url = %s ,flag = %s"%(trainSchedule))
  return trainBaseInfo

3.解析返回数据

返回数据为json类型的字符串，直接json.loads后，解析即可

#获取所有待查询车次信息
  allTrainResultDic = {}  #车次查询结果集合
  for trainSchedule in trainScheduleList:
   trainBaseInfo = self.getTrainScheduleInfo(trainSchedule)  #json string
   # #----测试----
   # trainBaseInfo = '''{"status":"0","msg":"ok","result":{"trainno":"G8","type":"高铁","list":[{"sequenceno":"1","station":"上海虹桥","day":"1","arrivaltime":"----","departuretime":"19:00","stoptime":"0","costtime":"0","distance":"0","isend":"0","pricesw":"","pricetd":"","pricegr1":"","pricegr2":"","pricerw1":"0","pricerw2":"0","priceyw1":"0","priceyw2":"0","priceyw3":"0","priceyd":"0.0","priceed":"0.0"},{"sequenceno":"2","station":"南京南","day":"1","arrivaltime":"20:00","departuretime":"20:02","stoptime":"2","costtime":"60","distance":"295","isend":"0","pricesw":"429.5","pricetd":"0","pricegr1":"0","pricegr2":"0","pricerw1":"0","pricerw2":"0","priceyw1":"0","priceyw2":"0","priceyw3":"0","priceyd":"229.5","priceed":"134.5"},{"sequenceno":"3","station":"济南西","day":"1","arrivaltime":"21:59","departuretime":"22:01","stoptime":"2","costtime":"179","distance":"0","isend":"0","pricesw":"1263.5","pricetd":"","pricegr1":"","pricegr2":"","pricerw1":"0","pricerw2":"0","priceyw1":"0","priceyw2":"0","priceyw3":"0","priceyd":"673.5","priceed":"398.5"},{"sequenceno":"4","station":"天津南","day":"1","arrivaltime":"22:59","departuretime":"23:01","stoptime":"2","costtime":"239","distance":"0","isend":"0","pricesw":"1603.5","pricetd":"","pricegr1":"","pricegr2":"","pricerw1":"0","pricerw2":"0","priceyw1":"0","priceyw2":"0","priceyw3":"0","priceyd":"853.5","priceed":"508.5"},{"sequenceno":"5","station":"北京南","day":"1","arrivaltime":"23:34","departuretime":"23:34","stoptime":"0","costtime":"274","distance":"0","isend":"1","pricesw":"1748","pricetd":"","pricegr1":"","pricegr2":"","pricerw1":"0","pricerw2":"0","priceyw1":"0","priceyw2":"0","priceyw3":"0","priceyd":"933.0","priceed":"553.0","costtimetxt":"4时34分"}]}}'''
   # #----测试----
   print("trainBaseInfo =",trainBaseInfo)
   #解析
   if trainBaseInfo:
    try:
     trainBaseInfo_loads = json.loads(trainBaseInfo)
     if trainBaseInfo_loads["status"] == "0":
      resultNodeValue = trainBaseInfo_loads["result"]
      trainnoNodeValue = resultNodeValue["trainno"]  #查询车次代码
      typeNodeValue = resultNodeValue["type"]   #车次类型
      listNodeValue = resultNodeValue["list"]   #途径站点信息集合 list
      #筛选出途经南京、南京南
      for trainInfo in listNodeValue:
       if (cityName1 in trainInfo.values()) or (cityName2 in trainInfo.values()):
        #解析数据
        arrivedStation = trainInfo["station"]   #到达站
        arrivedTime = trainInfo["arrivaltime"]  #到站时间
        leaveTime = trainInfo["departuretime"]  #离站时间
        if arrivedStation == "南京":
         arrivedStation = "南京站"  
        # 存储该车次查询结果
        trainResult = []
        trainResult.append(arrivedStation)
        trainResult.append(arrivedTime)
        trainResult.append(leaveTime)
        trainResult.append(typeNodeValue)
        allTrainResultDic[trainSchedule] = trainResult
       else:
        #self.write_log_to_Text("ERROR:车次: %s 无途径南京站信息，跳过" % trainSchedule)
        continue
     else:
      self.write_log_to_Text("ERROR:车次: %s 检查返回数据状态码不为0，跳过" % trainSchedule)
      continue
    except:
     self.write_log_to_Text("ERROR:车次：%s 返回的json串失败 "% trainSchedule)
   else:
    self.write_log_to_Text("ERROR:车次: %s 查询接口返回信息为空，已跳过"%trainSchedule)
    continue
  print(allTrainResultDic)

4.组装结果、界面输出      

#组装结果界面输出
  self.result_data_Text.delete(1.0, END)
  head = "车次 南京到达站 到站时间 离站时间  类型"
  self.result_data_Text.insert(1.0, head)
  for train in allTrainResultDic.keys():
   outMsg = "\n" + "-" * 52 + "\n" + "%4s"%train + "%9s"%allTrainResultDic[train][0] + "%13s"%allTrainResultDic[train][1] + "%12s"%allTrainResultDic[train][2] + "%8s"%allTrainResultDic[train][3]
   self.result_data_Text.insert(END,outMsg)
  self.write_log_to_Text("INFO：获取火车至南京信息完成")

总结