Android横竖屏切换相关
如何让Android横竖屏切换时不销毁当前activity
背景介绍:
在编写android小应用的时候,碰到了这样的一个问题:当推开手机的实体键盘时,屏幕由竖屏转换为横屏,此时应用程序的显示界面(Activity)就会被销毁了,这个让人比较郁闷。
如何才能让这个activity不被销毁呢?
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资料查询:
在android开发网上有这么几段话:
Iftheconfigurationofthedevice(asdefinedbytheResources.Configurationclass)changes,thenanythingdisplayingauserinterfacewillneedtoupdatetomatchthatconfiguration.BecauseActivityistheprimarymechanismforinteractingwiththeuser,itincludesspecialsupportforhandlingconfigurationchanges.
Unlessyouspecifyotherwise,aconfigurationchange(suchasachangeinscreenorientation,language,inputdevices,etc)willcauseyourcurrentactivitytobedestroyed,goingthroughthenormalactivitylifecycleprocessofonPause(),onStop(),andonDestroy()asappropriate.Iftheactivityhadbeenintheforegroundorvisibletotheuser,onceonDestroy()iscalledinthatinstancethenanewinstanceoftheactivitywillbecreated,withwhateversavedInstanceStatethepreviousinstancehadgeneratedfromonSaveInstanceState(Bundle).
Insomespecialcases,youmaywanttobypassrestartingofyouractivitybasedononeormoretypesofconfigurationchanges.Thisisdonewiththeandroid:configChangesattributeinitsmanifest.Foranytypesofconfigurationchangesyousaythatyouhandlethere,youwillreceiveacalltoyourcurrentactivity'sonConfigurationChanged(Configuration)methodinsteadofbeingrestarted.Ifaconfigurationchangeinvolvesanythatyoudonothandle,however,theactivitywillstillberestartedandonConfigurationChanged(Configuration)willnotbecalled.
TodeclarethatyourActivityhandlesaconfigurationchange,edittheappropriate<activity>elementinyourmanifestfiletoincludetheandroid:configChangesattributewithastringvaluethatrepresentstheconfigurationthatyouwanttohandle.Possiblevaluesarelistedinthedocumentationfortheandroid:configChangesattribute(themostcommonlyusedvaluesareorientationtohandlewhenthescreenorientationchangesandkeyboardHiddentohandlewhenthekeyboardavailabilitychanges).Youcandeclaremultipleconfigurationvaluesintheattributebyseparatingthemwithapipecharacter("|").
Forexample,thefollowingmanifestsnippetdeclaresanActivitythathandlesboththescreenorientationchangeandkeyboardavailabilitychange:
<activityandroid:name=".MyActivity"
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
android:label="@string/app_name">
Nowwhenoneoftheseconfigurationschange,MyActivityisnotrestarted.Instead,theActivityreceivesacalltoonConfigurationChanged().ThismethodispassedaConfigurationobjectthatspecifiesthenewdeviceconfiguration.ByreadingfieldsintheConfiguration,youcandeterminethenewconfigurationandmakeappropriatechangesbyupdatingtheresourcesusedinyourinterface.Atthetimethismethodiscalled,yourActivity'sResourcesobjectisupdatedtoreturnresourcesbasedonthenewconfiguration,soyoucaneasilyresetelementsofyourUIwithoutthesystemrestartingyourActivity.
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解决办法:
通过上面资料的阅读,解决办法就很简单了。
首先在Mainifest.xml的Activity元素中加入android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"属性
<activity android:name=".FileBrowser" android:label="@string/app_name" android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity>
加入这条属性的含义是,应用程序将会处理屏幕方向和键盘状态(推出或合上)信息的改动。但对于其他的设备配置信息的改动则会由Android系统来处理(销毁当前Activity,然后重启一个新的Activity实例)。
那么,现在还需要在java代码的activity子类中加入配置信息改动的处理代码。这个也很简单
/** * onConfigurationChanged * the package:android.content.res.Configuration. * @param newConfig, The new device configuration. * 当设备配置信息有改动(比如屏幕方向的改变,实体键盘的推开或合上等)时, * 并且如果此时有activity正在运行,系统会调用这个函数。 * 注意:onConfigurationChanged只会监测应用程序在AnroidMainifest.xml中通过 * android:configChanges="xxxx"指定的配置类型的改动; * 而对于其他配置的更改,则系统会onDestroy()当前Activity,然后重启一个新的Activity实例。 */ @Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); // 检测屏幕的方向:纵向或横向 if (this.getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) { //当前为横屏, 在此处添加额外的处理代码 } else if (this.getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT) { //当前为竖屏, 在此处添加额外的处理代码 } //检测实体键盘的状态:推出或者合上 if (newConfig.hardKeyboardHidden == Configuration.HARDKEYBOARDHIDDEN_NO){ //实体键盘处于推出状态,在此处添加额外的处理代码 } else if (newConfig.hardKeyboardHidden == Configuration.HARDKEYBOARDHIDDEN_YES){ //实体键盘处于合上状态,在此处添加额外的处理代码 } }
别忘了在java文件中加上importandroid.content.res.Configuration。
这样就OK了,屏幕方向改变时,应用程序的显示界面也会随着改动,而不是被销毁!
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扩展补充:
Activity中还有一属性和屏幕方向有关:
<activity . . . android:screenOrientation=["unspecified" | "user" | "behind" | "landscape" | "portrait" | "sensor" | "nosensor"] . . . </activity>
比如,在Mainifest.xml的Activity元素中增加这么一个属性:
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
则无论手机如何变动,拥有这个属性的activity都将是竖屏显示。
android:screenOrientation="landscape“,为横屏显示。
这里提一个小知识,Anroid模拟器中,快捷键"ctrl+F11"可以实现转屏。
参考资料:http://developer.android.com