yum更换源和下载rpm包、Linux软件源码包方式安装

更换yum仓库源

• cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d/ /etc/yum.repos.d.bak # 备份系统自带仓库源配置
• rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/* # 删除所有的仓库源配置
• cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # 进入到仓库源目录
• wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo(wget安装: yum install -y wget)
• 或者curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

实际操作

[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
 Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1572 100 1572 0 0 291 0 0:00:05 0:00:05 --:--:-- 351
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all # 显示系统中所有的yum仓库
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com enabled: 9,911
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com disabled
dvd install dvd enabled: 3,538
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com enabled: 432
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com enabled: 1,543
repolist: 15,424
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum list |tail -n20
yum-plugin-upgrade-helper.noarch 1.1.31-46.el7_5 updates
yum-plugin-verify.noarch 1.1.31-46.el7_5 updates
yum-plugin-versionlock.noarch 1.1.31-46.el7_5 updates
yum-rhn-plugin.noarch 2.0.1-10.el7 base
yum-updateonboot.noarch 1.1.31-46.el7_5 updates
yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-46.el7_5 updates
zenity.x86_64 3.22.0-1.el7 base
zlib.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 base
zlib.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 base
zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base
zlib-static.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 base
zlib-static.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base
zsh-html.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base

安装扩展源epel

[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 k
(1/2): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 k
(2/2): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 M
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==========================================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository
==========================================================================================================
Installing:
 epel-release noarch 7-11 extras
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 15 k
Installed size: 24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 k
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch
 Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch
Installed:
 epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
Complete!
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.r
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep epel | head # 可以看到新增的epel扩展源里的rpm包
 * epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
epel-release.noarch 7-11 @extras
0ad.x86_64 0.0.22-1.el7 epel
0ad-data.noarch 0.0.22-1.el7 epel
0install.x86_64 2.11-1.el7 epel
2048-cli.x86_64 0.9.1-1.el7 epel
2048-cli-nocurses.x86_64 0.9.1-1.el7 epel
2ping.noarch 3.2.1-2.el7 epel
389-admin.x86_64 1.1.46-1.el7 epel
389-admin-console.noarch 1.1.12-1.el7 epel

yum下载rpm包

• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly
• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ # 指定下载路径是/tmp/
• yum reinstall -y 已安装过的包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ # 指定下载路径是/tmp/

[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==========================================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository Size
==========================================================================================================
Installing:
 zsh x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base 2.4 M
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:05
exiting because "Download Only" specified
# 查看下载的rpm包
[root@centos01 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/ 
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm

源码包安装

• cd /usr/local/src/ # 一般源码包下载目录
• wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz # 下载要安装的软件源码包
• tar zxvf httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz
• cd httpd-2.2.9
• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 # 配置并指定安装目录
• make
• make install
• 卸载: 删除安装文件

实际操作

[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...
checking for APR... reconfig
configuring package in srclib/apr now
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.3.0
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details.
configure failed for srclib/apr
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# echo $? # 查看上一条命令的操作结果 1表示失败 0表示成功
1
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# yum install gcc
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# echo $?
0
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# make
Making all in srclib
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.9/srclib'
Making all in apr
...
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# echo $?
0
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# make install
Making install in srclib
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.9/srclib'
...
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# echo $?
0
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.9]# ls /usr/local/apache2/ # 查看安装目录
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include lib logs man manual modules