Ansible使用playbook自动化编译安装Nginx
Ansible批量部署编译安装nginx
一、Ansible介绍：
这次为大家介绍一款批量部署工具Ansible，主要有以下几点优点：1、充分利用现有设施。使用 Ansible 无需安装服务端和客户端，只要 SSH 即可。这意味着，任何一台装有 Ansible 的机器都可以成为强大的管理端。我觉得，这种去中心化的思路显得更为灵活。可能有人会担心 SSH 的效率，Ansible 的并行执行及加速模式或许可以打消你的顾虑。2、使用简单，快速上手相当容易。Ansible 上手十分快，用 Ad-Hoc 可以应付简单的管理任务，麻烦点的也可以定义 Playbook 文件来搞定。3、采用人类易读的格式。Ansible 的主机定义文件使用 INI 格式，支持分组，能够指定模式；此外也能动态生成，这对管理云主机应当很有用。而 Playbook 则是 YAML 格式。4、能够使用你熟悉的语言来编写模块。虽然 Ansible 是使用 Python 开发的，但它不会将你限制到某种具体的编程语言，Bash、Python、Perl、Ruby 等等都可以，你擅长什么就用什么。
一言以蔽之，Ansible 背后的简单化哲学深得我心。这也比较符合我选择软件的一贯原则。可能还有人会比较关心目前 Ansible 都有谁在用。毕竟，榜样的力量是无穷。Puppet 不正是因为 Google 在用而吸引了不少眼球么？据我所知，当前使用 Ansible 较为知名的用户包括 Fedora、Rackspace、Evernote 等等。
Ansible企业应用：
二、主要架构功能：
Ansible Core. //核心功能
Modules:
Core Modules //核心功能
Customed Modules //自定义模块
Host Inventory //主机库和主机清单，用来定义要管理的主机
File
CMDB(配置管理数据)
PlayBooks //剧本，定义没个主机扮演的角色
Hosts. //主机
roles. //角色
Connection Plugins. //连接插件，连接至被管控主机，完成并发连接，默认一次管理5台，但是可以修改。
三、安装配置
★安装：
# yum install ansible -y （epel仓库中）
★程序：
ansible
ansible-playbook //唱剧本
ansible-doc //获取帮助文档
★配置文件
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg //核心配置文件
★主机清单：
/etc/ansible/hosts
★插件目录：
/usr/share/ansible_plugins/
1、设置ansble到各个主机的免密钥通讯：
[root@cml1~]# ssh-keygen
[root@cml1~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.5.102
2、定义主机组：
[root@cml1~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@cml1ansible]# vim hosts
[webserver]
192.168.5.102
192.168.5.104
3、查看主机组内的主机：
[root@cml1ansible]# ansible webserver --list-hosts
hosts (2):
192.168.5.102
192.168.5.104
4、定义角色路径
[root@cml1~]# cat /etc/ansible/nginx.yaml
- hosts: 192.168.5.102
remote_user: root
roles:
-nginx_install ###roles目录下的nginx_install目录
-nginx_config ###roles目录下的nginx_config目录
5、查看目录结构：
[root@cml1 roles]# tree
.
├── nginx_config
│ ├── default
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── meta
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ │ └── temp_server.conf
│ └── vars
│ └── main.yml
└── nginx_install
├──default
├──files
│ └── nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
├──handlers
│ └── main.yml
├──meta
├──tasks
│ └── main.yml
├──templates
│ └── nginx.conf
└── vars
[root@cml1roles]# cd nginx_install/
[root@cml1nginx_install]# ls
default files handlers meta tasks templates vars
6、task定义开始任务：
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd tasks/
[root@cml1tasks]# cat main.yml
- name: copynginx package to remote host
copy: src=nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz dest=/tmp/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz ##拉取nginx解压吧
tags: cppkg
- name: tarnginx
shell: cd /tmp;tar -xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz ##解压nginx包
- name: installpakger
yum: name={{ item }} state=latest ##安装依赖包
with_items:
- openssl-devel
- pcre-devel
- gcc
- name: installnginx
shell: cd /tmp/nginx-1.12.0;./configure--user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre;make&& make install ####编译安装
- name: copyconf file nginx.conf
template: src=nginx.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ###复制在template目录下的配置文件
tags: ngxconf
- name: copyshell
copy: src=/opt/create_users.shdest=/tmp/create_users.sh ##拉取创建用户的shell脚本
- name: createuser nginx
shell: /bin/bash /tmp/create_users.sh
tags: addnginx
notify: start nginx service
为什么要写这个脚本？因为加入有些主机创建的用户已存在就会报错
[root@cml1tasks]# cat /opt/create_users.sh
#!/bin/bash
a=`cat/etc/passwd | grep nginx | wc -l`
if [ $a == 0];then
useradd nginx
fi
6、第二行copy对应file目录：
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd files/
[root@cml1files]# ls
nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
7、template这一行对应的是template这个目录和主服务端定义的变量：
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd templates/
[root@cml1templates]# ls
nginx.conf
[root@cml1templates]# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user[$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format xiaoluo '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status$body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen {{ ngxport }};
server_name wwwNaNl.com
access_log logs/wwwNaNl.com xiaoluo;
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://192.168.5.101;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to thestatic page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apachelistening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGIserver listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /web;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, ifApache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
include vhosts/*.conf;
}##需要注意的就是模板变量（客户端自动采集）、和在服务端定义的变量{{ngx_port}}
8、在vars定义变量：
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd vars/
[root@cml1vars]# cat main.yml
ngxport:"8080"
9、定义触发器：
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd handlers/
[root@cml1handlers]# cat main.yml
- name: startnginx service
shell: /usr/loal/nginx/sbin/nginx
10、在nginx_config目录加入我们经常要增加nginx站点，直接写好模板推送到vhos目录：
[root@cml1roles]# cd nginx_config/
[root@cml1nginx_config]# ls
default files handlers meta tasks templates vars
[root@cml1nginx_config]# cd templates/
[root@cml1templates]# ls
temp_server.conf
[root@cml1templates]# cat temp_server.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name {{server_name }};
index index.phpindex.html;
root {{root_dir }};
}
###在var定义变量：
[root@cml1templates]# cd ../vars/
[root@cml1vars]# cat main.yml
server_name: "www.xiaoluo.com"
root_dir:"/web"
11、写配置nginx的tasks步骤：
[root@cml1nginx_config]# cd tasks/
[root@cml1tasks]# ls
main.yml
[root@cml1tasks]# cat main.yml
- name: createvhosts
shell: mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/
tags: create_dir
- name: copyconf file nginx.conf # 调用templates模块
template: src=temp_server.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/{{ server_name }}.conf
tags: ngxconf
notify: reload nginx service
###定义重启触发器：
[root@cml1tasks]# cd ../handlers/
You have newmail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@cml1handlers]# cat main.yml
- name: reloadnginx service
shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试：
[root@cml1ansible]# ansible-playbook -C nginx.yaml
PLAY[192.168.5.104] **********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS***************************************************************
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] *********************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | tar nginx] *********************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | install pakger] ****************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]=> (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)
TASK:[nginx_install | install nginx] *****************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | copy conf file nginx.conf] *****************************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | copy shell] ********************************************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_install | create user nginx] *************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_config | create vhosts] ******************************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
TASK:[nginx_config | copy conf file nginx.conf] ******************************
changed:[192.168.5.104]
NOTIFIED:[nginx_config | reload nginx service] *******************************
skipping:[192.168.5.104]
ok:[192.168.5.104]
PLAY RECAP********************************************************************
192.168.5.104 : ok=6 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0[root@cml1 ansible]# ansible-playbook nginx.yaml
PLAY [192.168.5.104] **********************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] *********************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | tar nginx] *********************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | install pakger] ****************************************
ok: [192.168.5.104] => (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc)
TASK: [nginx_install | install nginx] *****************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy conf file nginx.conf] *****************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | copy shell] ********************************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_install | create user nginx] *************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_config | create vhosts] ******************************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
TASK: [nginx_config | copy conf file nginx.conf] ******************************
ok: [192.168.5.104]
NOTIFIED: [nginx_install | start nginx service] *******************************
changed: [192.168.5.104]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
192.168.5.104 : ok=11 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0[root@cml3 ~]# ifconfig
ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.5.104 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255
[root@cml3 ~]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29264/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29264/nginx: master
四、定义日志文件
下面是介绍如何定义日志：（在ansible1.9.1版本之后有个bug所以定义不了日志文件只能降版本到1.9.1了）
1、ansible倒回去版本：1.9.1
需要安装gcc、python-devel
[root@cml1 ~]#yum install python-pip
[root@cml1 ~]#pip install ansible==1.9.1
2、callback插件：
[root@cml1tasks]# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
bin_ansible_callbacks= True
3、在callback目录下创建日志处理文件：
[root@cml1tasks]# cd /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
[root@cml1callback]# ls
log.py log.pyc
[root@cml1callback]# cat log.py
import os
import time
import json
TIME_FORMAT="%b%d %Y %H:%M:%S"
MSG_FORMAT="%(now)s- %(category)s - %(data)s\n\n"
if notos.path.exists("/var/log/ansible/hosts"):
os.makedirs("/var/log/ansible/hosts")
def log(host,category, data):
if type(data) == dict:
if 'verbose_override' in data:
# avoid logging extraneous datafrom facts
data = 'omitted'
else:
data = data.copy()
invocation = data.pop('invocation',None)
data = json.dumps(data)
if invocation is not None:
data = json.dumps(invocation) +" => %s " % data
path =os.path.join("/var/log/ansible/hosts", host)
now = time.strftime(TIME_FORMAT,time.localtime())
fd =open(path, "a")
fd.write(MSG_FORMAT % dict(now=now,category=category, data=data))
fd.close()
classCallbackModule(object):
"""
logs playbook results, per host, in/var/log/ansible/hosts
"""
def on_any(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
def runner_on_failed(self, host, res,ignore_errors=False):
log(host, 'FAILED', res)
def runner_on_ok(self, host, res):
log(host, 'OK', res)
def runner_on_skipped(self, host,item=None):
log(host, 'SKIPPED', '...')
def runner_on_unreachable(self, host, res):
log(host, 'UNREACHABLE', res)
def runner_on_no_hosts(self):
pass
def runner_on_async_poll(self, host, res,jid, clock):
pass
def runner_on_async_ok(self, host, res,jid):
pass
def runner_on_async_failed(self, host, res,jid):
log(host, 'ASYNC_FAILED', res)
def playbook_on_start(self):
pass
def playbook_on_notify(self, host,handler):
pass
def playbook_on_no_hosts_matched(self):
pass
def playbook_on_no_hosts_remaining(self):
pass
def playbook_on_task_start(self, name,is_conditional):
pass
def playbook_on_vars_prompt(self, varname,private=True, prompt=None, encrypt=None, confirm=False, salt_size=None,salt=None, default=None):
pass
def playbook_on_setup(self):
pass
def playbook_on_import_for_host(self, host,imported_file):
log(host, 'IMPORTED', imported_file)
def playbook_on_not_import_for_host(self,host, missing_file):
log(host, 'NOTIMPORTED', missing_file)
def playbook_on_play_start(self, name):
pass
def playbook_on_stats(self, stats):
pass
下面关于Ansible的文章您也可能喜欢，不妨参考下：
Ansible 的详细介绍：请点这里
Ansible 的下载地址：请点这里