Linux环境下IPv6 DNS服务器配置

Linux下搭建DNS Server的软件首选Bind,其有不同的版本,Window DNS是从Bind 4.x改进过来的,另外Bind8.x和Bind9.x从安全性及扩充性方面做了很多改进,为了实现对IPv6 DNS的支持,采用Bind v9来实现,bind9.x提供IPv6 socket的DNS查询,支持IPv6资源记录。关于Bind9.x的详细特性建议到Bind的Web站点查阅,Bind的最新版本可以到www.isc.org/products/BIND/ 去下载

#wget http://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/9.3.2/bind-9.3.2.tar.gz# tar -xzf bind-9.2.1.tar.gz# cd bind-9.2.1#./configure -enable-ipv6 -with-openssl# make && make install

Bind软件安装后,会产生几个固有文件,分为两类。一类是配置文件在/etc目录下,一类是DNS记录文件在/var/named目录下。加上其他相关文件,共同设置DNS服务器。named.conf为默认的主配置文件(须手动建立),设置一般的named参数,指向该服务器使用的域数据库信息的源,这类源可以是本地磁盘文件或远程服务器。

named .ca ：指向根域名服务器        named .1ocal ：用于在本地转换回送地址        named .hosts ：将主机名映射为IP地址

下面以笔者实验建立的纯IPv6实验网的域名secv6.your.domain为例说明如何配置支持AAAA及A6记录的IPv6 DNS服务器。

文件清单1 /etc/named.conf

options ...{directory "/var/named";
// a caching only nameserver configzone "." IN ...{type hint;file "named.ca";};
// this defines the loopback name lookupzone "localhost" IN ...{type master;file "master/localhost.zone";allow-update ...{ none; };};
// this defines the loopback reverse name lookupzone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN ...{type master;file "master/localhost.rev";allow-update ...{ none; };};
// This defines the secv6 domain name lookup// Secure (signed) zone file is// secv6.your.domain.signed// Regular zone file is secv6.your.domainzone "secv6.your.domain" IN ...{type master;file "master/secv6.your.domain.signed";// file "master/secv6.your.domain";};
// this defines the secv6 domain reverse// name lookup (AAAA)zone "secv6.int" IN ...{type master;file "master/secv6.int";};
// this defines the secv6 domain reverse// name lookup (A6)zone "secv6.arpa" IN ...{type master;file "master/secv6.rev";};
// secret key truncated to fitkey "key" ...{algorithm hmac-md5;secret "HxbmAnSO0quVxcxBDjmAmjrmhgDUVFcFNcfmHC";};

文件清单2 /var/named/master/secv6.your.domain

$TTL 86400$ORIGIN secv6.your.domain.@ IN SOA secv6.your.domain. hostmaster.your.domain. (2002011442 ; Serial number (yyyymmdd-num)3H ; 
Refresh15M ; Retry1W ; Expire1D ) ; MinimumIN MX 10 noah.your.domain.IN NS ns.secv6.your.domain.$ORIGIN secv6.your.domain.ns 1D IN AAAA 
fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d01D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0secv6.your.domain. 1D IN AAAA fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0 1D IN A6
0fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0pc2 1D IN AAAA fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0 1D IN A6 0fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0pc3 1D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b9ff:fe00:131 1D IN 
AAAAfec0::1:250:b9ff:fe00:131pc6 1D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:3617 1D IN AAAAfec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:3617pc4 1D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35c4 1D IN
AAAAfec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35c4pc5 1D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:361b 1D IN AAAAfec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:361bpc7 1D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:365a 1D IN 
AAAAfec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:365apc1 1D IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b9ff:fe00:12e 1D IN AAAAfec0::1:250:b9ff:fe00:12epc1 1D IN A6 0 fec0:0:0:1::1 1D IN AAAA 
fec0:0:0:1::1$INCLUDE "/var/named/master/Ksecv6.your.domain.+003+27034.key"

Dnssec配置命令：

dnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE secv6.your.domain        dnssec-signzone -o secv6.your.domain secv6.your.domain

说明：DNSSEC主要依靠公钥技术对于包含在DNS中的信息创建密码签名。密码签名通过计算出一个密码hash数来提供DNS中数据的完整性，并将该hash 数封装进行保护。私/公钥对中的私钥用来封装hash数，然后可以用公钥把hash数译出来。如果这个译出的hash值匹配接收者刚刚计算出来的hash树，那么表明数据是完整的。不管译出来的hash数和计算出来的hash数是否匹配，对于密码签名这种认证方式都是绝对正确的，因为公钥仅仅用于解密合法的hash数，所以只有拥有私钥的拥有者可以加密这些信息。

文件清单3 var/named/master/localhost.zone

// localhost.zone Allows for local communications
// using the loopback interface
$TTL 86400$ORIGIN localhost.@ 1D IN SOA @ root (42 ; serial (d. adams)3H ; 
refresh15M ; retry1W ; expire1D ) ; minimum1D IN NS @1D IN A 127.0.0.1

文件清单4 /var/named/master/localhost.rev

// localhost.rev Defines reverse DNS lookup on
// loopback interface
$TTL 86400$ORIGIN 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.@ IN SOA 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. 
hostmaster.secv6.your.domain. 
(42 ; Serial number (d. adams)3H ; Refresh15M ; Retry1W ; Expire1D ) ; 
MinimumNS ns.secv6.your.domain.MX 10 noah.ip6.your.domain.PTR localhost.

文件清单5 /var/named/master/secv6.rev

// secv6.rev Defines reverse lookup for secv6
// domain in A6 format$TTL 86400$ORIGIN secv6.arpa.@ IN SOA 
secv6.arpa. hostmaster.secv6.your.domain. 
(2002011442 ; Serial number (yyyymmdd-num)3H ; Refresh15M ; Retry1W ; Expire1D ) ; 
MinimumNS ns.secv6.your.domain.MX 10 noah.your.domain.;
fec0:0:0:1::/64$ORIGIN [xfec0000000000001/64].
secv6.arpa.[x0250b7fffe1435d0/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc2.secv6.your.domain.[x0250b9fffe000131/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc3.secv6.your.domain.[x0250b7fffe143617/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc6.secv6.your.domain.[x0250b7fffe1435c4/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc4.secv6.your.domain.[x0250b7fffe14361b/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc5.secv6.your.domain.[x0250b7fffe14365a/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc7.secv6.your.domain.[x0250b9fffe00012e/64] 1D IN PTR 
pc1.secv6.your.domain.

文件清单6. /var/named/master/secv6.int

// secv6.int Defines reverse lookup for secv6// domain in AAA format$TTL 86400$ORIGIN secv6.int.@ IN SOA secv6.int. hostmaster.secv6.your.domain.
(2002011442 ; Serial number (yyyymmdd-num)3H ; Refresh15M ; Retry1W ; Expire1D ) ; MinimumNS ns.secv6.your.domain.MX 10 noah.your.domain.; 
fec0:0:0:1::/64$ORIGIN 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.c.e.f.secv6.int.0.d.5.3.4.1.e.f.f.f.7.b.0.5.2.0 IN PTR pc2.secv6.your.domain.e.2.1.0.0.0.e.f.f.f.9.b.0.5.2.0 IN PTR 
pc1.secv6.your.domain.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 IN PTR pc1.secv6.your.domain.1.3.1.0.0.0.e.f.f.f.9.b.0.5.2.0 IN PTR 
pc3.secv6.your.domain.7.1.6.3.4.1.e.f.f.f.7.b.0.5.2.0 IN PTR pc6.secv6.your.domain.4.c.5.3.4.1.e.f.f.f.7.b.0.5.2.0 IN PTR 
pc4.secv6.your.domain.b.1.6.3.4.1.e.f.f.f.7.b.0.5.2.0 IN PTR pc5.secv6.your.domain.

DNS客户端的配置

/etc/hosts 是主机的一个列表文件。作用是如果系统的 IP 不是动态生成，就可以使用它。对于简单的主机名解析（点分表示法），在请求 DNS 或 NIS 网络名称服务器之前，/etc/hosts.conf 通常会告诉解析程序先查看这里。        search secv6.your.domain        nameserver fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0

DNS服务器测试

使用dig命令重新：

A6 格式DNS 查询

pc2% dig 0.0.0.0 secv6.your.domain a6; <<>> DiG 9.1.0 <<>> 0.0.0.0 secv6.your.domain A6[...];secv6.your.domain. IN A6;; ANSWER 
SECTION:secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0;; AUTHORITY SECTION:secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN NS ns.secv6.your.domain.;; 
ADDITIONAL SECTION:ns.secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0ns.secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN AAAA fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0AAAA 格
式DNS 查询pc2% dig 0.0.0.0 secv6.your.domain aaaa; <<>> DiG 9.1.0 <<>> 0.0.0.0 secv6.your.domain AAAA[...];secv6.your.domain. IN AAAA;; ANSWER 
SECTION:secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN AAAA fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0;; AUTHORITY SECTION:secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN NS ns.secv6.your.domain.;; 
ADDITIONAL SECTION:ns.secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN A6 0 fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0ns.secv6.your.domain. 86400 IN AAAA fec0::1:250:b7ff:fe14:35d0