Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

qidu

2020-01-02

一、 Rewrite 跳转实现
服务协议功能模块
url 资源定位路径

nginx————支持url重写、支持if条件判断，但不支持else
跳转————循环最多可以执行10次，超过后nginx将返回500代码错误
rewrite————使用nginx’全局变量或自己设置的变量，结合正则表达式和标志位实现url重写以及重定向

二、Rewrite 使用场景
使用rewrite进行匹配跳转
使用if匹配全局变量后跳转
使用location匹配再跳转
1.rewrite放在 server{}，if{}，location{}段中
2.对域名或参数字符串：使用if全局变量匹配、使用proxy_pass反向代理
三、nginx正则表达式
常用的正则表达式元字符

四、Rewrite 命令

location分类

正则匹配的常用表达式

五、location优先级
按优先级排列：
= 类型
^~ 类型表达式
正则表达式（和)类型
常规字符串匹配类型，按前缀匹配
通用匹配（/），如果没有其他匹配，任何请求都会匹配到
location优先级规则（从高到低排列）
1.匹配某个具体的文件
location = 完整路径
location ^~ 完整路径
location ~* 完整路径
location ~ 完整路径
location 完整路径
location /
2.用目录做匹配访问某个文件
location = 目录
location ^~ 目录
location ~ 目录
location ~* 目录
location 目录

location /
六、应用场景测试
公司旧域名 www.domain.com 因业务需求有变更，需要使用新域名 www.newdomain.com 代替，不能废除旧域名，从旧域名跳转到新域名，且保持其参数不变

[ bin]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
获取http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.IHyTHc: 头V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx ################################# [100%]
[ bin]# yum install nginx -y

[ ~]# mkdir /abc
[ ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.56.1 /mnt
Password for //192.168.254.10/linuxs:  
[ ~]# cd /abc/LNMP-C7/LNMP-C7/
[ LNMP-C7]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
php-5.6.11.tar.bz2
php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
php-7.1.20.tar.bz2
php-7.1.20.tar.gz
zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64_update1.tar.gz
[ LNMP-C7]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt

[ LNMP-C7]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[ LNMP-C7]# cd /opt/nginx-1.12.2/
[ nginx-1.12.2]# ls
auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html     man     src
CHANGES  conf        contrib    LICENSE  README
[ nginx-1.12.2]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel make zlib-devel -y
[ nginx-1.12.2]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
[ nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install

[ conf]# vim nginx.conf
37         server_name  www.accp.com;
41         access_log  logs/www.accp.com/access.log  main;

[ conf]# yum install bind -y
[ conf]# vim /etc/named.conf 
13         listen-on port 53 { any; };
21         allow-query     { any; };
[ conf]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
25 zone "accp.com" IN {
26         type master;
27         file "accp.com.zone";
28         allow-update { none; };
29 };
[ conf]# cd /var/named/
[ named]# ls
data     named.ca     named.localhost  slaves
dynamic  named.empty  named.loopback
[ named]# cp -p named.localhost accp.com.zone
[ named]# vim accp.com.zone 
www     IN      A       192.168.247.202
[ named]# systemctl start named
[ named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[ named]# setenforce 0
[ named]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[ named]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[ nginx]# ls
conf  html  logs  sbin
[ nginx]# cd logs/
[ logs]# mkdir www.accp.com
[ logs]# ls
error.log  www.accp.com
[ logs]# nginx 
[ logs]# netstat -natp | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6

打开win10客户机，配置dns服务器，并使用域名访问。
Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

[ logs]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    location / {
       #域名重定向
‘                 if ($host = ‘www.accp.com‘) {
’                       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.kgc.com/$1 permanent;
‘               }
             root /html;
             index index.html index.htm;
    }

[ logs]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
zone "kgc.com" IN {
    type master;
    file "kgc.com.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};
[ logs]# cd /var/named/
[ named]# ls
accp.com.zone  dynamic   named.empty      named.loopback
data           named.ca  named.localhost  slaves
[ named]# cp -p accp.com.zone kgc.com.zone

[ named]# systemctl restart named
[ named]# killall -1 nginx

Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

[ html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        server_name  bbs.accp.com;
        location /post {
                rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com/bbs$1 permanent;
        }

[ html]# cd -
/var/named
[ named]# vim accp.com.zone 
[ named]# cat accp.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@   IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                0   ; serial
                1D  ; refresh
                1H  ; retry
                1W  ; expire
                3H )    ; minimum
NS  @
A   127.0.0.1
bbs IN  A   192.168.247.202

[ named]# killall -3 nginx
[ named]# nginx
[ named]# systemctl restart named

Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式
基于客户端IP访问跳转

[ named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#设置是否合法的IP标志
        set $rewrite true;
#判断是否为合法IP,是否是允许的IP
        if ($remote_addr = "192.168.247.139"){
                set $rewrite false;
        }
#不被允许的IP进行判断，打上标记
        if ($rewrite = true){
                rewrite (.+) /maintenance.html;
        }
#匹配标记进行跳转站点
        location = /maintenance.html {
                root html;
        }

[ named]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[ html]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[ html]# vim maintenance.html
[ html]# killall -3 nginx 
[ html]# nginx

Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

基于参数匹配的跳转———跳转到首页

[ named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
37         server_name  www.accp.com;
42         if ($request_uri ~ ^/100-(100|200)-(\d+).html$){
43                 rewrite (.*) http://www.accp.com permanent;
44         }
[ named]# vim accp.com.zone 
[ named]# cat accp.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@   IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                0   ; serial
                1D  ; refresh
                1H  ; retry
                1W  ; expire
                3H )    ; minimum
NS  @
A   127.0.0.1
www IN  A   192.168.247.202

[ named]# systemctl restart named
[ named]# killall -3 nginx
[ named]# nginx

Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

基于目录下所有PHP文件跳转

[ named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location ~* /upload/.*\.php$ {
                rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent;
        }

[ named]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[ named]# killall -3 nginx
[ named]# nginx

Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

基于最普通URL请求的跳转——跳转到首页

[ named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location ~* ^/abc/123.html {
                rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent;
        }

Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

基于最普通URL请求的跳转——跳转到首页

[ named]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location ~* ^/abc/123.html {
                rewrite (.+) http://www.accp.com permanent;
        }

[ named]# killall -3 nginx
[ named]# nginx

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Nginx rewrite 重写功能和Nginx的正则表达式

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