在Linux系统中安装最新的Nodejs和NPM版本

在本指南中，我们将了解如何在RHEL，CentOS，Fedora，Debian和Ubuntu发行版中安装最新版本的Nodejs和NPM。

Nodejs是一个轻量级且高效的JavaScript平台，基于Chrome的V8 JavaScript引擎构建，NPM是默认的NodeJS包管理器。您可以使用它来构建可伸缩的网络应用程序。

第1步：添加NodeSource存储库

Node.js和NPM的最新版本可从官方的NodeSource Enterprise Linux，Fedora，Debian和Ubuntu二进制发行版存储库获得，该存储库由Nodejs网站维护，您需要将其添加到您的系统才能安装最新的Nodejs和NPM包。

重要提示：在RHEL 5和CentOS 5下，Node.js包依赖于EPEL存储库，因此如果未安装，脚本将检查并提供说明。

要为最新版本的Node.js添加存储库，请以root身份使用以下命令。

在RHEL，CentOS和Fedora上

---------- 安装 Node.js v11.x ----------
$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | bash -

---------- 安装 Node.js v10.x ----------
$ curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | bash -

示例输出
## Installing the NodeSource Node.js 11.x repo...

## Inspecting system...

+ rpm -q --whatprovides RedHat-release || rpm -q --whatprovides centos-release || rpm -q --whatprovides cloudlinux-release || rpm -q --whatprovides sl-release
+ uname -m

## Confirming "el7-x86_64" is supported...

+ curl -sLf -o /dev/null 'https://rpm.nodesource.com/pub_11.x/el/7/x86_64/nodesource-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm'

## Downloading release setup RPM...

+ mktemp
+ curl -sL -o '/tmp/tmp.AhnE1gAaMU' 'https://rpm.nodesource.com/pub_11.x/el/7/x86_64/nodesource-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm'

## Installing release setup RPM...

+ rpm -i --nosignature --force '/tmp/tmp.AhnE1gAaMU'

## Cleaning up...

+ rm -f '/tmp/tmp.AhnE1gAaMU'

## Checking for existing installations...

+ rpm -qa 'node|npm' | grep -v nodesource

## Run `sudo yum install -y nodejs` to install Node.js 11.x and npm.
## You may also need development tools to build native addons:
    sudo yum install gcc-c++ make
## To install the Yarn package manager, run:
    curl -sL https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/yarn.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/yarn.repo
    sudo yum install yarn

在 Debian, Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint上
---------- 安装 Node.js v11.x ----------
$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | sudo -E bash -

---------- 安装 Node.js v10.x ----------
$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -

示例输出
## Installing the NodeSource Node.js v11.x repo...

## Populating apt-get cache...

+ apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety InRelease [247 kB]
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security/main i386 Packages [109 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security/main amd64 Packages [112 kB]
Get:6 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security/universe amd64 Packages [56.5 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security/universe i386 Packages [54.3 kB]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security/universe Translation-en [35.2 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main amd64 Packages [224 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main i386 Packages [221 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/main Translation-en [100.0 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/universe amd64 Packages [144 kB]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/universe i386 Packages [142 kB]
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/universe Translation-en [76.2 kB]                                                                                               
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [4,632 B]                                                                                             
Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates/multiverse Translation-en [2,252 B]                                                                                             
Fetched 1,835 kB in 7s (261 kB/s)                                                                                                                                                           
Reading package lists... Done

## Confirming "yakkety" is supported...

+ curl -sLf -o /dev/null 'https://deb.nodesource.com/node_11.x/dists/yakkety/Release'

## Adding the NodeSource signing key to your keyring...

+ curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -
OK

## Creating apt sources list file for the NodeSource Node.js v11.x repo...

+ echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_11.x yakkety main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
+ echo 'deb-src https://deb.nodesource.com/node_6.11 yakkety main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list

## Running `apt-get update` for you...

+ apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-security InRelease [102 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety InRelease [247 kB]   
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:4 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_11.x yakkety InRelease [3,915 B]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu yakkety-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:6 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_11.x yakkety/main Sources [765 B]
Get:7 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_11.x yakkety/main i386 Packages [961 B]
Get:8 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_11.x yakkety/main amd64 Packages [964 B]
Fetched 560 kB in 2s (215 kB/s) 
Reading package lists... Done

## Run `apt-get install nodejs` (as root) to install Node.js v11.x and npm

第2步： 安装最新的Nodejs和NPM

接下来，您现在可以使用以下命令在系统上安装Nodejs和NPM：

在RHEL，CentOS和Fedora上

# yum -y install nodejs
# dnf -y install nodejs  [On Fedora 22+ versions]

示例输出
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.vbctv.in
 * elrepo: mirrors.coreix.net
 * epel: repos.del.extreme-ix.org
 * extras: mirror.vbctv.in
 * updates: mirror.vbctv.in
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nodejs.x86_64 2:11.3.0-1nodesource will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                  Arch                                    Version                                                  Repository                                    Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nodejs                                  x86_64                                  2:11.3.0-1nodesource                                    nodesource                                    18 M

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 18 M
Installed size: 54 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nodesource/packages/nodejs-11.3.0-1nodesource.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 34fa74dd: NOKEY===========-] 2.8 MB/s |  18 MB  00:00:00 ETA
Public key for nodejs-11.3.0-1nodesource.x86_64.rpm is not installed
nodejs-11.3.0-1nodesource.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                    |  18 MB  00:00:05   
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/NODESOURCE-GPG-SIGNING-KEY-EL
Importing GPG key 0x34FA74DD:
 Userid    : "NodeSource "
 Fingerprint: 2e55 207a 95d9 944b 0cc9 3261 5ddb e8d4 34fa 74dd
 Package    : nodesource-release-el7-1.noarch (installed)
 From      : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/NODESOURCE-GPG-SIGNING-KEY-EL
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : 2:nodejs-11.3.0-1nodesource.x86_64                                                                                                                                          1/1
  Verifying  : 2:nodejs-11.3.0-1nodesource.x86_64                                                                                                                                          1/1

Installed:
  nodejs.x86_64 2:11.3.0-1nodesource                                                                                                                                                         

Complete!

在 Debian, Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint

可选：为了从npm构建本机插件，有一些开发工具，如gcc-c ++和make，你需要在你的系统上使用。

------- 在 RHEL, CentOS 和 Fedora -------
# yum install gcc-c++ make

------- 在 Debian, Ubuntu 和 Linux Mint -------
$ sudo apt-get install -y build-essential

第3步：测试最新的Nodejs和NPM

要对nodejs和NPM进行简单测试，可以使用以下命令检查系统上安装的版本：

在 RHEL, CentOS 和 Fedora
# node --version
# npm --version

就是这样，Nodejs和NPM现在已经安装好并可以在你的系统上使用了。