nginx配置文件中的配置释义
nginx配置文件结构
先上一张全局的nginx配置文件结构图,毕竟,一图胜千言。
#user nobody; worker_processes 2; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { # 默认使用epoll use epoll # 每个worker允许连接的客户端最大连接数 worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ # ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ # ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache‘s document root # concurs with nginx‘s one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
nginx核心配置文件中配置含义解析
设置worker进程的用户,指当然操作系统linux中的用户,会涉及到nginx操作目录或者文件的一些权限,默认为
nobody
,可根据需要自定义为Linux系统下其他用户。如配置为root用户。user root;
worker进程工作数设置,一般来说CPU有几个,就可以设置为几个,或者n-1个。
worker_processes 1;
nginx 日志级别
debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg
,错误级别从左到右越来越大。#error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info;
设置nginx进程pid
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
设置工作模式
events { # 默认使用epoll use epoll # 每个worker允许连接的客户端最大连接数 worker_connections 1024; }
http是指令块,针对于http网络传输的一些指令配置
http{ }
include引入外部配置,提高可读性,避免因为单个配置文件过大
include mime.types;
设置日志格式,main为定义的格式名称,如此access_log就可以直接使用这个变量了
参数名 参数含义 $remote_addr 客户端ip $remote_user 远程客户端用户名,一般为:‘-‘ $time_local 时间和时区 $request 请求的url以及method $status 响应状态码 $body_bytes_send 响应客户端内容字节数 $http_referer 记录用户从哪个链接跳转过来的 $http_user_agent 用户所使用的代理,一般来说都是浏览器 $http_x_forwarded_for 通过代理服务器来记录客户端的ip sendfile
使用高效文件传输,提升传输性能。启用后才能使用tcp_nopush
,是指当数据表积累一定大小后才发送,提升了传输效率sendfile on; tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout
设置客户端与服务端请求的超时时间, 保证客户端多次请求的时候不会重复建立新的连接,避免资源损耗。keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip
启用压缩,html/js/css压缩后传输会更快。gzip on;
server
可以在http指定块中设置多个虚拟主机listen监听端口
server_name location、ip、域名
location请求路由映射,匹配拦截
root请求位置
index 首页设置
#server { # listen 80; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #}
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