CentOS修改系统环境变量

我这里拿php作为一个例子,我的php安装在/usr/local/webserver/php下,没有把php加入环境变量时,你在命令行执行

#查看当前php的版本信息
[root@CentOS ~]# php -v

会提示你此命令不存在。

下面详细说说linux下修改环境变量的方法

方法一: 在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量,该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效,并且是“永久的”。

[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile
在文件末尾加上如下两行代码
PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH
export PATH
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`id -u`
        UID=`id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /sbin
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
    pathmunge /sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset pathmunge

PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH
export PATH

要是刚才的修改马上生效,需要执行以下代码

[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile

这时再查看系统环境变量,就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了

[root@CentOS ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

现在就能直接使用php命令了(而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -v),例如查看当前php的版本

[root@CentOS ~]# php -v
PHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Jun 27 2012 14:28:20) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies

方法二:在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量,改变量仅会对当前用户有效,并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样,这里就不在列举代码了。

方法三:直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell(BASH)有效(临时的)】

在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量,该变量只在当前的shell(BASH)或其子shell(BASH)下是有效的,shell关闭了,变量也就失效了,再打开新shell时就没有这个变量,需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如

export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH

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