MySQL多实例安装(相同版本)
本文以MySQL5.7为例,介绍在同一台机器下如何安装多个MySQL实例。
环境:RHEL 6.5 + MySQL 5.7
1.单实例MySQL安装
先来看下MySQL5.7单实例的安装方法(这里引用官方文档的安装步骤):
shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql shell> cd mysql shell> mkdir mysql-files shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files shell> chmod 750 mysql-files shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & # Next command is optional shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server --修改/etc/profile 增加 export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH --需要修改密码才可以正常操作数据库: mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
可以看到单实例MySQL的安装非常简单,只需创建了必要的用户组和用户,解压二进制软件包,初始化然后调整下权限基本就OK了。
2.多实例MySQL配置
下面来看下多实例MySQL配置,如果需要安装多实例在同一台机器上,主要4个地方的配置需要区分:端口(Port)、数据目录(datadir)、socket文件、server-id标识。(注:对其他配置可以根据实际需求去自定义各个实例的一些参数)
MySQL的配置文件my.cnf支持标签重定义,比如我这里安装4个实例,分别定义为[mysqld1]、[mysqld2]、[mysqld3]、[mysqld4]。
举例来说,我在原本的标准my.cnf配置文件中增加如下配置内容:
...这里省略原本的my.cnf配置内容... [mysqld_multi] mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin Log=/usr/local/mysql/multi.log [mysqld1] server-id=101 datadir=/data/mysqldata/3307 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3307 port=3307 [mysqld2] server-id=102 datadir=/data/mysqldata/3308 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3308 port=3308 [mysqld3] server-id=103 datadir=/data/mysqldata/3309 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3309 port=3309 [mysqld4] server-id=104 datadir=/data/mysqldata/3310 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3310 port=3310
3.多实例MySQL初始化
多实例MySQL初始化:即分别初始化不同实例,也就是指定不同的datadir
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3307
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3308
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3309
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3310
--创建多实例各自的datadir [ mysqldata]# pwd /data/mysqldata [ mysqldata]# mkdir 3307 3308 3309 3310 --具体参照安装单实例的步骤 [ local]# tar zxvf /public/ISO/mysql/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [ local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql --多实例MySQL初始化 [ mysql]# pwd /usr/local/mysql [ mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3307 [ mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3308 [ mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3309 [ mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3310
记录好每个MySQL实例默认生成的密码:
yD*jUO%pj4ta aHiLky?Ge28k psPWYuk/)8=j <8Pk#rxteaqx
修改密码,我这里测试环境为了方便统一设置密码为123,如果是生产环境切记要设计符合客户要求的密码安全策略:
[ 3307]# mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3307 -p yD*jUO%pj4ta mysql> set password='123'; mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3308 -p mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3309 -p mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3310 -p
多实例MySQL开机启动项设置:
[ mysql]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql [ mysql]# cp support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi [ mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld_multi [ mysql]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql mysqld_multi 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
4.多实例MySQL常用管理命令
多实例MySQL常用管理命令:
--显示多实例mysqld的运行状态 mysqld_multi report --启动[mysqld1] mysqld_multi start 1 --启动[mysqld2] mysqld_multi start 2 --启动所有多实例mysqld进程 mysqld_multi start --通过socket连接到指定的MySQL实例 mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3307 -p mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3308 -p mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3309 -p mysql -uroot -S/tmp/mysql.sock3310 -p --确认连接实例的端口信息 show variables like '%port%';
最后确认下4个MySQL实例的启动、关闭均正常:
[ mysql]# mysqld_multi report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running [ mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 10923 1 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --server-id=101 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3307 --port=3307 root 10930 1 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --server-id=102 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3308 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3308 --port=3308 root 10947 1 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --server-id=103 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3309 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3309 --port=3309 root 10963 1 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --server-id=104 --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3310 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3310 --port=3310 mysql 11438 10923 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3307 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --server-id=101 --log-error=jystdrac2.err --pid-file=jystdrac2.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3307 --port=3307 mysql 11461 10947 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3309 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --server-id=103 --log-error=jystdrac2.err --pid-file=jystdrac2.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3309 --port=3309 mysql 11463 10930 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3308 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --server-id=102 --log-error=jystdrac2.err --pid-file=jystdrac2.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3308 --port=3308 mysql 11472 10963 0 23:48 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3310 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --server-id=104 --log-error=jystdrac2.err --pid-file=jystdrac2.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3310 --port=3310 root 12228 7701 0 23:51 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql [ mysql]# mysqld_multi stop [ mysql]# mysqld_multi report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is not running MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is not running [ mysql]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 12400 7701 0 23:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql [ mysql]# mysqld_multi start [ mysql]# mysqld_multi report Reporting MySQL servers MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running [ mysql]#