nginx 301 重定向 包括域名、目录、文件等方法 (二)

nginxrewrite伪静态配置参数详细说明

正则表达式匹配,其中:

*~为区分大小写匹配

*~*为不区分大小写匹配

*!~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配,其中:

*-f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件

*-d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录

*-e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录

*-x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有:

*last相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite

*break终止匹配,不再匹配后面的规则

*redirect返回302临时重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

*permanent返回301永久重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)

$args 
$content_length 
$content_type 
$document_root 
$document_uri 
$host 
$http_user_agent 
$http_cookie 
$limit_rate 
$request_body_file 
$request_method 
$remote_addr 
$remote_port 
$remote_user 
$request_filename 
$request_uri 
$query_string 
$scheme 
$server_protocol 
$server_addr 
$server_name 
$server_port 
$uri

结合例子

if (!-d $request_filename) { 
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last; 
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last; 
break;

多目录转成参数

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)\.tradeyon\.com) { 
set $sub_name $1; 
rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last; 
}

目录对换

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { 
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break; 
}

目录自动加“/”

if (-d $request_filename){ 
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; 
}

禁止htaccess

location ~/\.ht { 
deny all; 
}

禁止多个目录

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ { 
deny all; 
break; 
}

禁止以/data开头的文件

可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

location ~ ^/data { 
deny all; 
}

禁止单个目录

不能禁止.log.txt能请求

location /searchword/cron/ { 
deny all; 
}

禁止单个文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql { 
deny all; 
}

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;

这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

location ~(favicon.ico) { 
log_not_found off; 
expires 99d; 
break; 
}
location ~(robots.txt) { 
log_not_found off; 
expires 7d; 
break; 
}

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js { 
access_log off; 
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; 
expires 600; 
break; 
}

文件反盗链并设置过期时间

这里的return412为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求

“rewrite^/http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片

“access_logoff;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力

“expires3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ { 
valid_referers none blocked *.tradeyon.com *.tradeyon.net localhost 128.12.11.11; 
if ($invalid_referer) { 
rewrite ^/ http://images.tradeyon.com/leech.gif; 
return 412; 
break; 
} 
access_log off; 
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; 
expires 3d; 
break; 
}

只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码

root /opt/htdocs/www; 
allow 208.97.167.194; 
allow 222.33.1.2; 
allow 231.152.49.4; 
deny all; 
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN"; 
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录

如/shanghaijob/指向/area/shanghai/

如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai时将不会匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last; 
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,

如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯

(-d$request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果

if (-d $request_filename){ 
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; 
}

知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent; 
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:

if (!-e $request_filename) { 
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/; 
}

域名跳转

server 
{ 
listen 80; 
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com; 
index index.html index.htm index.php; 
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; 
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/; 
access_log off; 
}

多域名转向

server_name http://www.tradeoy.com/ http://www.tradeyon.com/; 
index index.html index.htm index.php; 
root /opt/lampp/htdocs; 
if ($host ~ "tradeyon\.com") { 
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.tradeyon.com$1/ permanent; 
}

三级域名跳转

if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.tradeoy\.com$") { 
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.tradeoy.com$1/; 
break; 
}

域名镜向

server 
{ 
listen 80; 
server_name mirror.tradeoy.com; 
index index.html index.htm index.php; 
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; 
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.tradeoy.com/$1 last; 
access_log off; 
}

某个子目录作镜向

location ^~ /down { 
rewrite ^.+ http://image.tradeoy.com/ last; 
break; 
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last; 
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给124688.com某版块单独配置域名

server_name bbs.124688.com news.124688.com; 
location = / { 
if ($http_host ~ news\.124688.com$) { 
rewrite ^.+ http://news. 124688.com/forum-831-1.html last; 
break; 
} 
}

discuzucenter头像rewrite优化

location ^~ /ucenter { 
location ~ .*\.php?$ 
{ 
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 
fastcgi_index index.php; 
include fcgi.conf; 
} 

location /ucenter/data/avatar { 
log_not_found off; 
access_log off; 
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ { 
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif; 
} 
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ { 
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif; 
} 
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ { 
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif; 
} 
expires 300; 
break; 
} 
}

jspacerewrite

location ~ .*\.php?$ 
{ 
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 
fastcgi_index index.php; 
include fcgi.conf; 
} 

location ~* ^/index.php/ 
{ 
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break; 
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 
fastcgi_index index.php; 
include fcgi.conf; 
}

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