nginx 301 重定向 包括域名、目录、文件等方法 (二)
nginxrewrite伪静态配置参数详细说明
正则表达式匹配,其中:
*~为区分大小写匹配
*~*为不区分大小写匹配
*!~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配,其中:
*-f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
*-d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
*-e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
*-x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有:
*last相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite
*break终止匹配,不再匹配后面的规则
*redirect返回302临时重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
*permanent返回301永久重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)
$args $content_length $content_type $document_root $document_uri $host $http_user_agent $http_cookie $limit_rate $request_body_file $request_method $remote_addr $remote_port $remote_user $request_filename $request_uri $query_string $scheme $server_protocol $server_addr $server_name $server_port $uri
结合例子
if (!-d $request_filename) { rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last; rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last; break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2 if ($host ~* (.*)\.tradeyon\.com) { set $sub_name $1; rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last; }
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456 rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break; }
目录自动加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; }
禁止htaccess
location ~/\.ht { deny all; }
禁止多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ { deny all; break; }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
location ~ ^/data { deny all; }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
location /searchword/cron/ { deny all; }
禁止单个文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql { deny all; }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) { log_not_found off; expires 99d; break; }
location ~(robots.txt) { log_not_found off; expires 7d; break; }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js { access_log off; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; expires 600; break; }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return412为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite^/http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_logoff;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ { valid_referers none blocked *.tradeyon.com *.tradeyon.net localhost 128.12.11.11; if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/ http://images.tradeyon.com/leech.gif; return 412; break; } access_log off; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web; expires 3d; break; }
只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
root /opt/htdocs/www; allow 208.97.167.194; allow 222.33.1.2; allow 231.152.49.4; deny all; auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN"; auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/指向/area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last; rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d$request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent; }
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent; rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
if (!-e $request_filename) { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/; }
域名跳转
server { listen 80; server_name jump.c1gstudio.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/; access_log off; }
多域名转向
server_name http://www.tradeoy.com/ http://www.tradeyon.com/; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs; if ($host ~ "tradeyon\.com") { rewrite ^(.*) http://www.tradeyon.com$1/ permanent; }
三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.tradeoy\.com$") { rewrite ^(.*) http://top.tradeoy.com$1/; break; }
域名镜向
server { listen 80; server_name mirror.tradeoy.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.tradeoy.com/$1 last; access_log off; }
某个子目录作镜向
location ^~ /down { rewrite ^.+ http://image.tradeoy.com/ last; break; } discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last; rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last; rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last; discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给124688.com某版块单独配置域名
server_name bbs.124688.com news.124688.com; location = / { if ($http_host ~ news\.124688.com$) { rewrite ^.+ http://news. 124688.com/forum-831-1.html last; break; } }
discuzucenter头像rewrite优化
location ^~ /ucenter { location ~ .*\.php?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location /ucenter/data/avatar { log_not_found off; access_log off; location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif; } location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif; } location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ { error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif; } expires 300; break; } }
jspacerewrite
location ~ .*\.php?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~* ^/index.php/ { rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; }