Windows和Linux系统下perl连接SQL Server数据库的方法
本文将提供一些perl连接Microsoft SQL Server数据库的实例。perl脚本运行在Windows和Linux平台。
Windows平台
如果在Windows平台下运行perl脚本,建议使用依赖DBI的两个模块包,提供标准的数据库接口模块。
DBD::ODBC
DBD::ADO
使用DBD::ODBC
如果选用DBD::ODBC,下面的实例代码将展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库:
代码如下:
use DBI; # DBD::ODBC my $dsn = 'DBI:ODBC:Driver={SQL Server}'; my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433'; my $database = 'my_database'; my $user = 'sa'; my $auth = ‘s3cr3t'; # Connect via DBD::ODBC by specifying the DSN dynamically. my $dbh = DBI->connect("$dsn;Server=$host;Database=$database", $user, $auth, { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; #Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); #Execute the statement $sth->execute(); my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); # Bind the results to the local variables $sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number ); #Retrieve values from the result set while( $sth->fetch() ) { print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n"; } #Close the connection $sth->finish(); $dbh->disconnect();
你还可以使用预先设置的一个系统DSN来连接。要建立一个系统DSN,可以这样访问控制面板->管理工具->数据源。
使用系统DSN连接,需要更改连接字符串。如下所示:
代码如下:
# Connect via DBD::ODBC using a System DSN my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ODBC:my_system_dsn", $user, $auth, { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1 } ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr";
使用DBD::ADO
如果选择DBD::ADO模块,下面的实例展示如何连接到SQL Server数据库。
代码如下:
use DBI; my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433'; my $database = 'my_database'; my $user = 'sa'; my $auth = ‘s3cr3t'; # DBD::ADO $dsn = "Provider=sqloledb;Trusted Connection=yes;"; $dsn .= "Server=$host;Database=$database"; my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:ADO:$dsn", $user, $auth, { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; #Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); #Execute the statement $sth->execute(); my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); # Bind the results to the local variables $sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number ); #Retrieve values from the result set while( $sth->fetch() ) { print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n"; } #Close the connection $sth->finish(); $dbh->disconnect();
Linux平台
如果是在Linux平台下运行perl脚本,连接SQL Server数据库需要使用到DBD::Sybase包。
安装SQL Server支持库
Sybase DBD包依赖FreeTDS驱动程序。
FreeTDS下载地址:www.freetds.org
安装FreeTDS驱动的说明文档参见:http://www.freetds.org/userguide/config.htm
该驱动没有使用到ODBC.
配置数据源
修改freetds.conf文件包括SQL Server数据库信息,如下所示:
代码如下:
[SS_MY_DB] host = 10.0.0.1 # or host name port = 1433 tds version = 7.0
安装Sybase DBD模块
该模块文档参见:http://search.cpan.org/~mewp/DBD-Sybase/Sybase.pm
此外,需要将sybase环境变量应设置为FreeTDS安装路径,export SYBASE=/usr/local/freetds
使用Sybase DBI和SQL Server DSN实例
代码如下:
# load the DBI module use DBI; use DBD::Sybase; my $database="my_database"; my $user="sa"; my $auth="s3cr3t"; BEGIN { $ENV{SYBASE} = "/usr/local"; } # Connect to the SQL Server Database my $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Sybase:server=ss_my_db;database=$database", $user, $auth {RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1} ) || die "Database connection not made: $DBI::errstr"; #Prepare a SQL statement my $sql = "SELECT id, name, phone_number FROM employees"; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql ); #Execute the statement $sth->execute(); my( $id, $name, $phone_number ); # Bind the results to the local variables $sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number ); #Retrieve values from the result set while( $sth->fetch() ) { print "$name, $title, $phone\n"; } #Close the connection $sth->finish(); undef $sth; # This fixes a segfault bug with certain versions of DBD::Sybase $dbh->disconnect();