python发送多人邮件没有展示收件人问题的解决方法
背景:
工作过程中需要对现有的机器、服务做监控,当服务出现问题后,邮件通知对应的人
问题:
使用python 2.7自带的email库来进行邮件的发送,但是发送后没有展示收件人列表内容
问题代码示例:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText def send_email_to(fromAdd, toAdd, subject, html_text, filename): server = 'mail.****.com' user = '*****' password = '********' strFrom = fromAdd strTo = toAdd msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot['Subject'] = subject msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.' msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative) msgText = MIMEText(html_text, 'html', 'utf-8') msgAlternative.attach(msgText) smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect(server) smtp.login(user, passwd) att5 = MIMEText(open(filename, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att5["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att5["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="fail_7_storage.txt"' msgRoot.attach(att5) smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit() return
成功代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.utils import parseaddr from email.utils import formataddr from email.header import Header def __format_addr__(addr): # 解析邮件地址,以保证邮有别名可以显示 alias_name, addr = parseaddr(addr) # 防止中文问题,进行转码处理,并格式化为str返回 return formataddr((Header(alias_name,charset="utf-8").encode(), addr.encode("uft-8") if isinstance(addr, unicode) else addr)) def send_email_to(fromAdd, toAdd, subject, html_text, filename=None): SERVER = 'mail.***.com' USER = '******' PASSWD = '***' strFrom = __format_addr(fromAdd) strTo = list() # 原来是一个纯邮箱的list,现在如果是一个["jayzhen<[email protected]>"]的list给他格式化 try: for a in toAdd: strTo.append(__format_addr(a)) except Exception as e: # 没有对a和toadd进行type判断,出错就直接还原 strTo = toAdd msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.' msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative) # 邮件对象 msgText = MIMEText(html_text, 'html', 'utf-8') msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject) # 这是邮件的主题,通过Header来标准化 msgRoot['From'] = strFrom # 发件人也是被格式化过的 msgRoot['to'] = ','.join(strTo) # 这个一定要是一个str,不然会报错“AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lstrip'” msgAlternative.attach(msgText) smtp = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER, 11) smtp.set_debuglevel(0) # smtp.connect(SERVER) smtp.login(USER, PASSWD) # 这里要注意了,这里的fromadd和toAdd和msgRoot['From'] msgRoot['to']的区别 smtp.sendmail(fromAdd, toAdd, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit()
总结:
看到 msgRoot['to'] = ','.join(strTo) 与 msgRoot['to'] = strTo
实验过程中发现这个["to"]一定要是一个str,不然会报错“AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lstrip'”
同时也发现["to"]的数据类型与sendmail(from_addrs,to_addrs,...)的to_addrs不同;前者为str类型,多个地址使用逗号分隔,后者为list类型
还有就是MIMEText、MIMEMultipart他们之间的关系,可以看一哈源码,他们算是兄弟关系,都是继承MIMEBase,那么这是时候,["From"]、["to"]等这些属性给谁都行。
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