python发送多人邮件没有展示收件人问题的解决方法

背景:

工作过程中需要对现有的机器、服务做监控,当服务出现问题后,邮件通知对应的人

问题:

使用python 2.7自带的email库来进行邮件的发送,但是发送后没有展示收件人列表内容

问题代码示例:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
def send_email_to(fromAdd, toAdd, subject, html_text, filename):
 server = 'mail.****.com'
 user = '*****'
 password = '********'
 
 strFrom = fromAdd
 strTo = toAdd
 
 msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
 msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
 msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'
 
 msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
 msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
 
 msgText = MIMEText(html_text, 'html', 'utf-8')
 msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
 
 smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
 smtp.connect(server)
 smtp.login(user, passwd)
 
 att5 = MIMEText(open(filename, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
 att5["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
 att5["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="fail_7_storage.txt"'
 msgRoot.attach(att5)
 
 smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string())
 smtp.quit()
 return

成功代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr
from email.utils import formataddr
from email.header import Header
 
 
def __format_addr__(addr):
 # 解析邮件地址,以保证邮有别名可以显示
 alias_name, addr = parseaddr(addr)
 # 防止中文问题,进行转码处理,并格式化为str返回
 return formataddr((Header(alias_name,charset="utf-8").encode(),
      addr.encode("uft-8") if isinstance(addr, unicode) else addr))
 
 
def send_email_to(fromAdd, toAdd, subject, html_text, filename=None):
 
 SERVER = 'mail.***.com'
 USER = '******'
 PASSWD = '***'
 
 strFrom = __format_addr(fromAdd)
 
 strTo = list()
 # 原来是一个纯邮箱的list,现在如果是一个["jayzhen<[email protected]>"]的list给他格式化
 try:
  for a in toAdd:
   strTo.append(__format_addr(a))
 except Exception as e:
  # 没有对a和toadd进行type判断,出错就直接还原
  strTo = toAdd
 
 msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
 msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'
 
 msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
 msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
 
 # 邮件对象 
 msgText = MIMEText(html_text, 'html', 'utf-8')
 msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject) # 这是邮件的主题,通过Header来标准化
 msgRoot['From'] = strFrom  # 发件人也是被格式化过的
 msgRoot['to'] = ','.join(strTo) # 这个一定要是一个str,不然会报错“AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lstrip'”
 msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
 
 smtp = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER, 11)
 smtp.set_debuglevel(0)
 # smtp.connect(SERVER)
 smtp.login(USER, PASSWD)
 # 这里要注意了,这里的fromadd和toAdd和msgRoot['From'] msgRoot['to']的区别
 smtp.sendmail(fromAdd, toAdd, msgRoot.as_string())
 smtp.quit()

总结:

看到 msgRoot['to'] = ','.join(strTo)  与  msgRoot['to'] = strTo

实验过程中发现这个["to"]一定要是一个str,不然会报错“AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'lstrip'”

同时也发现["to"]的数据类型与sendmail(from_addrs,to_addrs,...)的to_addrs不同;前者为str类型,多个地址使用逗号分隔,后者为list类型

还有就是MIMEText、MIMEMultipart他们之间的关系,可以看一哈源码,他们算是兄弟关系,都是继承MIMEBase,那么这是时候,["From"]、["to"]等这些属性给谁都行。

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