python自动查询12306余票并发送邮箱提醒脚本

由于车票难抢，有时需要的车票已经售空，而我们需要捡漏，便可使用这个脚本。

具体实现了，自动查询某一车票的余票数量，当数量产生变化时，将自动发送QQ邮件到对于的邮箱进行提醒。

其中，发送邮箱的部分详情可参考我上一篇博文：Python 发送邮件 (smtp) QQ邮箱

脚本使用了python + selenium + chrome webdriver，需要先配置好三者的环境。

具体使用时候，需自行改变代码中的

邮箱信息、出发站、到达站、车次、日期、以及到相应查询页面中找到对应车票的html id：

在相应查询页面中按F12，弹出开发者模式，点击按钮，再点击对应车票的框，，，复制相应的id号到代码中对应处。

代码如下：

#coding:utf8 
from selenium import webdriver 
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys 
 
import time 
from smtplib import SMTP_SSL 
from email.header import Header 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 
 
from_station = 'SH' 
to_station = 'NJ' 
train_num = 'G14' 
train_date = '2018-02-14' 
 
ZYid = 'ZY_5l00000G1441' #通过浏览器找到要查询车票的三个id 
ZEid = 'ZE_5l00000G1441' 
WZid = 'WZ_5l00000G1441' 
 
def send_email(train_date, train_num, one_num, two_num, wz_num): #函数中邮箱信息改为自己的 
 email_from = "[email protected]" 
 email_to = "[email protected]" 
 hostname = "smtp.qq.com" 
 login = "[email protected]" 
 password = "xddflwjfkkfkbidf" 
 subject = "train_tickets" 
 text = ("日期:%s 车次:%s 一等座:%s 二等座:%s 无座:%s "%(train_date, train_num, one_num, two_num, wz_num)) 
   
 smtp = SMTP_SSL(hostname) 
 smtp.login(login, password) 
 
 msg = MIMEText(text, "plain", "utf-8") 
 msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8") 
 msg["from"] = email_from 
 msg["to"] = email_to 
 
 smtp.sendmail(email_from, email_to, msg.as_string()) 
 smtp.quit() 
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome() 
driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/init') 
 
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("fromStationText") 
elem.clear() 
elem.send_keys(from_station) 
elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #写入始发站 
 
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("toStationText") 
elem.clear() 
elem.send_keys(to_station) 
elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #写入终点站 
 
js = "document.getElementById('train_date').removeAttribute('readonly')" #去除日期栏只读属性 
driver.execute_script(js) 
 
elem=driver.find_element_by_id("train_date") 
elem.clear() 
elem.send_keys(train_date) #写入乘车日期 
elem.click() 
 
elem=driver.find_element_by_id("dc") #选择单程 
elem.click() 
 
elem=driver.find_element_by_id("a_search_ticket") #开始查询 
try: 
 elem.click()  
except Exception: 
 time.sleep(2) 
 
query_times = 0 
onetickets_last = 0 
twotickets_last = 0 
wztickets_last = 0 
 
time.sleep(2)  
while(1): 
 query_times = query_times+1 
 text="" 
 try: 
  driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click() #根据查询键是否可以找到，以判断页面显示正确与否 
 except Exception: 
  driver.refresh() 
  time.sleep(5); 
  print("bug"); 
  continue 
 
 print("第%d次查询:"%(query_times)) 
 time.sleep(5) 
 
 try: 
  text = driver.find_element_by_id(ZYid).text 
 except Exception: 
  driver.refresh() 
  time.sleep(5); 
  print("bug") 
  continue 
 if not(driver.find_element_by_id(ZYid).text): 
  driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click() 
  
 text = driver.find_element_by_id(ZYid).text #查询一等座余票 
 if(text == "有" or text == "无"): 
  onetickets_now = text 
  print("%s 一等座 ： %s"%(train_num, onetickets_now)) 
  if(onetickets_now != onetickets_last): 
   onetickets_last = onetickets_now 
   #send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 
 else: 
  onetickets_now = text 
  print("%s 一等座剩余票数 ： %s"%(train_num, onetickets_now)) 
  if(onetickets_now != onetickets_last): 
   onetickets_last = onetickets_now 
   #send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 
 
 text = driver.find_element_by_id(ZEid).text #查询二等座余票 
 if(text == "有" or text == "无"): 
  twotickets_now = text 
  print("%s 二等座 ： %s"%(train_num, twotickets_now)) 
  if(twotickets_now != twotickets_last): 
   twotickets_last = twotickets_now 
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 
 else: 
  twotickets_now = text 
  print("%s 二等座剩余票数 ： %s"%(train_num,twotickets_now)) 
  if(twotickets_now != twoticketstwotickets_old): 
   twotickets_last = twotickets_now 
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 
 
 text = driver.find_element_by_id(WZid).text #查询无座余票 
 if(text == "有" or text == "无"): 
  wztickets_now = text 
  print("%s 无座 ： %s"%(train_num, wztickets_now)) 
  if(wztickets_now != wztickets_last): 
   wztickets_last = wztickets_now 
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 
 else: 
  wztickets_now = text 
  print("%s 无座剩余票数 ： %s"%(train_num, wztickets_now)) 
  if(wztickets_now != wztickets_last): 
   wztickets_last = wztickets_now 
   send_email(train_date, train_num, onetickets_last, twotickets_last, wztickets_last) 
 print("")