使用二进制热备份创建MySQL主从复制

搭建环境说明

  • 机器说明

    Master 190: 192.168.1.190 (开启binlog, server-id=1)
    Slave 191: 192.168.1.191
    Slave 192: 192.168.1.192
    以上三台机器都安装了MySQL 5.5.29, Percona XtraBackup 2.06

基于Master的二进制热备份建立新Slave

  • 在Master 190上创建Slave 191用于MySQL复制的账号
    mysql> create user 'newrepl'@'192.168.1.191' identified by '123456';
    
    mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'newrepl'@'192.168.1.191';
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
  • 将Master 190的MySQL数据直接远程热备份到Slave 191
    [root@CentOS190 ~]# innobackupex --user=backup --password=123456 --parallel=4 --stream=tar ./ | ssh [email protected] "tar -ixf - -C /var/lib/mysql/data"
  • 在Slave 191上应用备份,并对备份数据目录做相应权限设置
    [root@centos191 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --use-memory=4G /var/lib/mysql/data
    [root@centos191 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/data
  • Slave 191上停止MySQL,进行MySQL配置,然后启动MySQL
    [root@centos191 mysql]# service mysql stop
    [root@centos191 mysql]# scp [email protected]:/etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

    修改/etc/my.cnf:

    ...
    [mysqld]
    datadir             = /var/lib/mysql/data
    server-id           = 2 # Master的server-id = 1
    relay-log           = slave-relay-bin
    relay-log-index     = slave-relay-bin.index
    ...

    配置完后,启动MySQL:

    [root@centos191 mysql]# service mysql start
    Starting MySQL....                                         [  OK  ]
  • 建立复制连接开始复制,并检查slave运行状态

    查看热备份的binlog文件名和偏移位置信息:

    [root@centos191 mysql]# cat /var/lib/mysql/data/xtrabackup_binlog_info 
    master-bin.000005	107

    建立复制连接并检查是否成功:

    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
        -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.190',
        -> MASTER_USER='newrepl',
        -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
        -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
        -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000005',
        -> MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.96 sec)
    
    mysql> start slave;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show global status like 'Slave_running';
    +---------------+-------+
    | Variable_name | Value |
    +---------------+-------+
    | Slave_running | ON    |
    +---------------+-------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

基于Slave的二进制热备份建立新Slave

  • 在Master 190上创建Slave 192用于MySQL复制的账号
    [root@centos191 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.1.190
    ...
    mysql> create user 'newrepl'@'192.168.1.192' identified by '123456';
    
    mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'newrepl'@'192.168.1.192';
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
  • 将Slave 191的MySQL数据直接远程热备份到Slave 192
    # innobackupex --user=backup --password=123456 --parallel=4 --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --stream=tar ./ | ssh [email protected] "tar -ixf - -C /var/lib/mysql/data"

    注:这里备份使用--slave-info可以将Master的binary log的文件名和偏移位置记录到xtrabackup_slave_info文件中.而使用--safe-slave-backup会暂停Slave的SQL线程直到备份结束,这样可以确保一致性的复制状态.

  • 在新Slave 192上应用备份,并对备份数据目录做相应权限设置

    [root@centos192 ~]# innobackupex –apply-log –use-memory=4G /var/lib/mysql/data
    [root@centos192 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/data

  • 新Slave 192上停止MySQL,进行MySQL配置,然后启动MySQL
    [root@centos192 mysql]# service mysql stop
    [root@centos192 mysql]# scp [email protected]:/etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

    修改/etc/my.cnf:

    ...
    [mysqld]
    server-id  = 3
    skip-slave-start
    ...

    启动MySQL:

    [root@centos192 mysql]# service mysql start
    Starting MySQL...                                          [  OK  ]
  • 建立复制连接开始复制,并检查slave运行状态

    查看Slave热备份的binlog文件名和偏移位置信息:

    [root@centos192 mysql]# cat /var/lib/mysql/data/xtrabackup_slave_info 
    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=614672

    建立复制连接并检查是否成功:

    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
        -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.190',
        -> MASTER_USER='newrepl',
        -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
        -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
        -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000005',
        -> MASTER_LOG_POS=614672;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
    
    mysql> start slave;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show slave status \G;
       ...
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
      ... 
            Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
      ...

    修改/etc/my.cnf,注释掉”skip-slave-start”,然后重启MySQL即可.

    # sed -i 's/skip-slave-start/#skip-slave-start/g' /etc/my.cnf
    # service mysql restart

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