python如何使用正则表达式的前向、后向搜索及前向搜索否定模式详解
前言
在许多的情况下,很多要匹配内容是一起出现,或者一起不出现的。比如《》,< >,这样的括号,不存在使用半个的情况。因此,在正则表达式里也有一致性的判断,要么两个尖括号一起出现,要么一个也不要出现。怎么样来实现这种判断呢?针对这种情况得引入新的正则表达式的语法:(?=pattern),这个语法它会向前搜索或者向后搜索相关内容,如果不会出现就不能匹配。不过,这个匹配不会消耗任何输入的字符,它只是查看一下。
例子如下:
#python 3.6 #蔡军生 #http://blog.csdn.net/caimouse/article/details/51749579 # import re address = re.compile( ''''' # A name is made up of letters, and may include "." # for title abbreviations and middle initials. ((?P<name> ([\w.,]+\s+)*[\w.,]+ ) \s+ ) # name is no longer optional # LOOKAHEAD # Email addresses are wrapped in angle brackets, but only # if both are present or neither is. (?= (<.*>$) # remainder wrapped in angle brackets | ([^<].*[^>]$) # remainder *not* wrapped in angle brackets ) <? # optional opening angle bracket # The address itself: [email protected] (?P<email> [\w\d.+-]+ # username @ ([\w\d.]+\.)+ # domain name prefix (com|org|edu) # limit the allowed top-level domains ) >? # optional closing angle bracket ''', re.VERBOSE) candidates = [ u'First Last <[email protected]>', u'No Brackets [email protected]', u'Open Bracket <[email protected]', u'Close Bracket [email protected]>', ] for candidate in candidates: print('Candidate:', candidate) match = address.search(candidate) if match: print(' Name :', match.groupdict()['name']) print(' Email:', match.groupdict()['email']) else: print(' No match')
结果输出如下:
Candidate: First Last <[email protected]> Name : First Last Email: [email protected] Candidate: No Brackets [email protected] Name : No Brackets Email: [email protected] Candidate: Open Bracket <[email protected] No match Candidate: Close Bracket [email protected]> No match
python里使用正则表达式的前向搜索否定模式
上面学习前向搜索或后向搜索模式(?=pattern),这个模式里看到有等于号=,它是表示一定相等,其实前向搜索模式里,还有不相等的判断。比如你需要识别EMAIL地址:[email protected],这个EMAIL地址大多数是不需要回复的,所以我们要把这个EMAIL地址识别出来,并且丢掉它。怎么办呢?这时你就需要使用前向搜索否定模式,它的语法是这样:(?!pattern),这里的感叹号就是表示非,不需要的意思。比如遇到这样的字符串:[email protected],它会判断noreply@是否相同,如果相同,就丢掉这个模式识别,不再匹配。
例子如下:
#python 3.6 #蔡军生 #http://blog.csdn.net/caimouse/article/details/51749579 # import re address = re.compile( ''''' ^ # An address: [email protected] # Ignore noreply addresses (?!noreply@.*$) [\w\d.+-]+ # username @ ([\w\d.]+\.)+ # domain name prefix (com|org|edu) # limit the allowed top-level domains $ ''', re.VERBOSE) candidates = [ u'[email protected]', u'[email protected]', ] for candidate in candidates: print('Candidate:', candidate) match = address.search(candidate) if match: print(' Match:', candidate[match.start():match.end()]) else: print(' No match')
结果输出如下:
Candidate: [email protected] Match: [email protected] Candidate: [email protected] No match
总结
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