SpringMVC教程/实例(二):java SpringMVC之Annotation篇
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同样是WebProject,这里用到的是spring-framework-3.1.1.RELEASE
首先是Web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>jadyer</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jadyer</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
然后是SpringMVC的配置文件jadyer-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 启动Spring的组件自动扫描机制。Spring会自动扫描base-package指定的包中的类和子包里面类 --> <!-- 此处可参考我的文章http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer/article/details/6038604 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.jadyer"/> <!-- 启动SpringMVC的注解功能,它会自动注册HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter、ExceptionResolver的相关实例 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 由于web.xml中设置是:由SpringMVC拦截所有请求,于是在读取静态资源文件的时候就会受到影响(说白了就是读不到) --> <!-- 经过下面的配置,该标签的作用就是:所有页面中引用"/css/**"的资源,都会从"/resources/styles/"里面进行查找 --> <!-- 我们可以访问http://IP:8080/xxx/css/my.css和http://IP:8080/xxx/resources/styles/my.css对比出来 --> <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/resources/styles/"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- viewClass属性可以用来指定前台在解析数据时,所允许采用的手段。实际上其默认值就是JstlView --> <!-- 将来有需要的话,就可以在这里把JstlView改成其它的,如FreeMarkerView,VelocityView,TilesView --> <!-- <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> --> <!-- 若Controller的方法返回"user/addSuccess",则SpringMVC自动找/WEB-INF/jsp/user/addSuccess.jsp --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>
接下来是用于响应请求结果的//WEB-INF//jsp//addSuccess.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/css/my.css"> welcome: ${aaa_name}、${bbb_name}、${string} <br/> <c:choose> <c:when test="${aaa_name=='aaa_jadyer'}"> From:/mydemo/sayaaa </c:when> <c:when test="${bbb_name=='bbb_jadyer'}"> From:/mydemo/saybbb${sessionScope.loginUser} </c:when> <c:otherwise> From:others </c:otherwise> </c:choose> <br/> ${redirectName}
这是我们的样式文件//resources//styles//my.css
body{ font-size:30px; }
最后是最为核心的UserController.java
package com.jadyer.controller; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; /** * UserController * @author http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer * @create Apr 20, 2012 1:23:29 AM */ @Controller //指明这是一个Controller @RequestMapping(value="/mydemo") //类似于命名空间,即访问该Controller时必须加上"/mydemo"在前面 //只要下面的方法中执行model.addAttribute("loginUser","jadyer")那么"loginUser"便被自动放到HttpSession @SessionAttributes("loginUser") public class UserController { /** * @see 如果在类上指定@RequestMapping并给了值,而在方法上指定@RequestMapping但不给值 * @see 这时,以下的两种请求方式,都会被分发到该方法上 * @see 第一种:'http://127.0.0.1:8088/SpringMVC_study/mydemo' * @see 第二种:'http://127.0.0.1:8088/SpringMVC_study/mydemo/' * @see 但,如果我们在某个方法上明确指定了@RequestMapping(value="/"),则第二种请求会被分发到该方法上 */ @RequestMapping public String login(){ System.out.println("login() is invoked"); return "addSuccess"; } @RequestMapping(value={"/","/add"}) //即访问"/mydemo/"或者"/mydemo/add",便自动访问该方法 public String addUser(){ System.out.println("addUser() is invoked"); return "addSuccess"; //return逻辑视图 } /** * 简述如何接收前台参数,以及@RequestParam的使用 */ //这里@RequestParam("userID")表明在访问该方法时,必须传个参数过来,并且参数名必须是int型的userID //以下三种情况会导致服务器返回HTTP Status 400 //1)没有传任何参数2)传的参数中没有名为userID的参数3)传了userID参数但其参数值无法转换为int型 @RequestMapping(value={"/delete"}) public String deleteUser(@RequestParam("userID") int userID){ System.out.println("===============" + userID); return "addSuccess"; } //这里@RequestParam表明在访问该方法时,至少要把userName参数传过来,否则服务器返回HTTP Status 400 @RequestMapping("/edit") public String editUser(@RequestParam String userName){ System.out.println("===============" + userName); return "addSuccess"; } //这种情况下,无论传不传userName参数,都可以访问到该方法。如果没有传userName,则打印出来的值就是null //这里method=RequestMethod.GET用于指定需要以GET方式访问该方法,注意两个以上属性时就要明确value值了 @RequestMapping(value="/modify", method=RequestMethod.GET) public String modifyUser(String userName){ System.out.println("===============" + userName); return "addSuccess"; } /** * 简述如何返回参数给前台,以及前台如何获取参数 */ @RequestMapping("/sayaaa") public String sayAaa(String userName, Map<String,Object> map){ map.put("aaa_name", "aaa_jadyer"); //此时前台使用${aaa_name}即可取值 return "addSuccess"; } @RequestMapping("/saybbb") public String sayBbb(String userName, Model model){ model.addAttribute("bbb_name", "bbb_jadyer"); //此时前台使用${bbb_name}即可取值 model.addAttribute("loginUser","jadyer"); //由于@SessionAttributes,故loginUser会被自动放到HttpSession中 return "addSuccess"; } @RequestMapping("/sayccc") public String sayCcc(String userName, Model model){ model.addAttribute("ccc_jadyer"); //此时默认以Object类型作为key,即String-->string,故前台使用${string}即可取值 return "addSuccess"; } /** * 简述如何获取javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession */ @RequestMapping("/eat") public String eat(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session){ System.out.println("===============" + request.getParameter("myname")); System.out.println("===============" + request.getLocalAddr()); System.out.println("===============" + response.getLocale()); System.out.println("===============" + session.getId()); return "addSuccess"; } /** * 简述客户端跳转时,传参的传递 * @see 注意:这种情况下的参数,并不是放到HttpSession中的,不信你可以试一下 * @see 注意:即先访问/mydemo/sleep之后,再直接访问/mydemo/eat */ @RequestMapping("/sleep") public String sleep(RedirectAttributes ra){ ra.addFlashAttribute("redirectName", "redirectValue"); //等同于return "redirect:/mydemo/eat"; //两种写法都要写绝对路径,而SpringMVC都会为其自动添加应用上下文 return InternalResourceViewResolver.REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX + "/mydemo/eat"; } }
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