0.文章系列链接

• SLS机器学习介绍（01）：时序统计建模-云栖社区-阿里云
• SLS机器学习介绍（02）：时序聚类建模-云栖社区-阿里云
• SLS机器学习介绍（03）：时序异常检测建模-云栖社区-阿里云
• SLS机器学习介绍（04）：规则模式挖掘-云栖社区-阿里云
• SLS机器学习介绍（05）：时间序列预测-云栖社区-阿里云
• 「链接」
• SLS机器学习最佳实战：时序异常检测和报警-云栖社区-阿里云
• SLS机器学习最佳实战：时序预测-云栖社区-阿里云

1.手中的锤子都有啥？

围绕日志，挖掘其中更大价值，一直是我们团队所关注。在原有日志实时查询基础上，今年SLS在DevOps领域完善了如下功能：

• 上下文查询
• 实时Tail和智能聚类，以提高问题调查效率
• 提供多种时序数据的异常检测和预测函数，来做更智能的检查和预测
• 数据分析的结果可视化
• 强大的告警设置和通知，通过调用webhook进行关联行动

今天我们重点介绍下，日志只能聚类和异常告警如何配合，更好的进行异常发现和告警

2.平台实验

2.1 实验数据

一份Sys Log的原始数据，，并且开启了日志聚类服务，具体的状态截图如下：

通过调整下面截图中红色框1的大小，可以改变图中红色框2的结果，但是对于每个最细粒度的pattern并不会改变，也就是说：子Pattern的结果是稳定且唯一的，我们可以通过子Pattern的Signature找到对应的原始日志条目。

2.2 生成子模式的时序信息

假设，我们对这个子Pattern要进行监控：

msg:vm-111932.tc su: pam_unix(*:session): session closed for user root

对应的 signature_id : __log_signature__: 1814836459146662485

我们得到了上述pattern对应的原始日志，可以看下具体的数量在时间轴上的直返图：

上图中，我们可以发现，这个模式的日志分布不是很均衡，其中还有一些是没有的，如果直接按照时间窗口统计数量，得到的时序图如下：

__log_signature__: 1814836459146662485 | 
select 
 date_trunc('minute', __time__) as time, 
 COUNT(*) as num 
from log GROUP BY time order by time ASC limit 10000

上述图中我们发现时间上并不是连续的。因此，我们需要对这条时序进行补点操作。

__log_signature__: 1814836459146662485 | 
select 
 time_series(time, '1m', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s', '0') as time, 
 avg(num) as num 
from ( 
 select 
 __time__ - __time__ % 60 as time, 
 COUNT(*) as num 
 from log GROUP BY time order by time desc ) 
GROUP by time order by time ASC limit 10000

2.3 对时序进行异常检测

使用时序异常检测函数： ts_predicate_arma

__log_signature__: 1814836459146662485 | 
select 
 ts_predicate_arma(to_unixtime(time), num, 5, 1, 1, 1, 'avg') 
from ( 
 select 
 time_series(time, '1m', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s', '0') as time, 
 avg(num) as num 
 from ( 
 select 
 __time__ - __time__ % 60 as time, 
 COUNT(*) as num 
 from log GROUP BY time order by time desc ) 
 GROUP by time order by time ASC ) limit 10000

2.4 告警该如何设置

• 将机器学习函数的结果拆解开

__log_signature__: 1814836459146662485 | 
select 
 t1[1] as unixtime, t1[2] as src, t1[3] as pred, t1[4] as up, t1[5] as lower, t1[6] as prob 
from ( 
 select 
 ts_predicate_arma(to_unixtime(time), num, 5, 1, 1, 1, 'avg') as res 
 from ( 
 select 
 time_series(time, '1m', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s', '0') as time, 
 avg(num) as num 
 from ( 
 select 
 __time__ - __time__ % 60 as time, 
 COUNT(*) as num 
 from log GROUP BY time order by time desc ) 
 GROUP by time order by time ASC )) , unnest(res) as t(t1)

• 针对最近两分钟的结果进行告警

__log_signature__: 1814836459146662485 | 
select 
 unixtime, src, pred, up, lower, prob 
from ( 
 select 
 t1[1] as unixtime, t1[2] as src, t1[3] as pred, t1[4] as up, t1[5] as lower, t1[6] as prob 
 from ( 
 select 
 ts_predicate_arma(to_unixtime(time), num, 5, 1, 1, 1, 'avg') as res 
 from ( 
 select 
 time_series(time, '1m', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s', '0') as time, 
 avg(num) as num 
 from ( 
 select 
 __time__ - __time__ % 60 as time, COUNT(*) as num 
 from log GROUP BY time order by time desc ) 
 GROUP by time order by time ASC )) , unnest(res) as t(t1) ) 
 where is_nan(src) = false order by unixtime desc limit 2

• 针对上升点进行告警，并设置兜底策略

__log_signature__: 1814836459146662485 | 
select 
 sum(prob) as sumProb, max(src) as srcMax, max(up) as upMax 
from ( 
 select 
 unixtime, src, pred, up, lower, prob 
 from ( 
 select 
 t1[1] as unixtime, t1[2] as src, t1[3] as pred, t1[4] as up, t1[5] as lower, t1[6] as prob 
 from ( 
 select 
 ts_predicate_arma(to_unixtime(time), num, 5, 1, 1, 1, 'avg') as res 
 from ( 
 select 
 time_series(time, '1m', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s', '0') as time, avg(num) as num 
 from ( 
 select 
 __time__ - __time__ % 60 as time, COUNT(*) as num 
 from log GROUP BY time order by time desc ) 
 GROUP by time order by time ASC )) , unnest(res) as t(t1) ) 
 where is_nan(src) = false order by unixtime desc limit 2 )

具体的告警设置如下：

3.硬广时间

3.1 日志进阶

这里是日志服务的各种功能的演示 日志服务整体介绍，各种Demo

更多日志进阶内容可以参考：日志服务学习路径。

作者：悟冥