promise 实现(es6 完整源码)
概览
const PENDING = Symbol('PENDING'); const FULFILLED = Symbol('FULFILLED'); const REJECTED = Symbol('REJECTED'); class MyPromise { constructor(fn) {} then(successFn, failFn) {} catch(failFn) {} finally(finalFn){} static resolve(val) {} static reject(val) {} static all(promiseArr) {} static race(promiseArr) {} }
Promise 内部维护着三种状态 pending、fulfilled 和 rejected,状态只能从 pending 转变到 fulfilled,或从 pending 转变到 rejected 且该转变不可逆。
Promise 主要提供了三个实例方法 then,catch,finally,和4个静态方法 resolve,reject,all,race。所有方法都都返回一个Promise对象。
构造函数
constructor(fn) { this.fulfilledQueue = []; this.rejectedQueue = []; this._status = PENDING; this._value = null; // 执行成功队列中的回调函数 const handleFulfilledQueue = () => { while(this.fulfilledQueue.length) { let fulfiledFn = this.fulfilledQueue.shift(); fulfiledFn(this._value); }; }; // 执行失败队列中的回调函数 const handleRejectedQueue = () => { while(this.rejectedQueue.length) { let rejectedFn = this.rejectedQueue.shift(); rejectedFn(this._value); }; }; // 完成状态转变,执行回调队列中的回调函数 const _resolve = (val) => { const fn = () => { if(this._status !== PENDING) { return; } if(val instanceof MyPromise) { val.then((res) => { this._status = FULFILLED; this._value = res; handleFulfilledQueue(); }, (err) => { this._status = REJECTED; this._value = err; handleRejectedQueue(); }); } else { this._status = FULFILLED; this._value = val; handleFulfilledQueue(); } } // 保证promise 回调函数一定是在同步任务之后执行; setTimeout(fn, 0); } // 完成状态Pending到REJECTED的转变,执行rejected队列中的回调函数 const _reject = (val) => { const fn = () => { if(this._status !== PENDING) { return; } this._status = REJECTED; this._value = val; handleRejectedQueue(); } setTimeout(fn, 0); } try { // 处理外部传入函数执行异常 fn(_resolve, _reject); } catch(e) { return _reject(e); } }
Promise 构造函数接收一个函数执行器作为参数,该执行器的两个参数 _resolve、_reject均为函数类型,由 Promise 内部实现。执行器在 Promise 构造函数中被立即执行。
注意: MyPromise 使用 Timeout 实现异步,使得 MyPromise 只能添加 macrotask,实际上原生的Promise 是 microtask
then 方法
then(successFn, failFn) { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { // 执行成功时的回调函数 const handleSucess = (fn) => { try { if(typeof fn === 'function') { const res = fn(this._value); if(res instanceof MyPromise) { res.then(resolve, reject); } else { resolve(res); } } else { resolve(this._value) } } catch(e){ reject(e); } } // 执行失败时的回调函数 const handleFail = (fn) => { try { if(typeof fn === 'function') { const res = fn(this._value); if(res instanceof MyPromise) { res.then(resolve, reject); } else { resolve(res); } } else { reject(this._value); } } catch(e) { reject(e); } } switch(this._status){ case PENDING: // 异步任务尚未完成,将回调函数推入相应队列 this.fulfilledQueue.push(() => { handleSucess(successFn); }); this.rejectedQueue.push(() => { handleFail(failFn); }); break; case FULFILLED: // 异步任务成功完成,执行成功回调函数 handleSucess(successFn); break; case REJECTED: // 异步任务已失败,执行失败回调函数 handleFail(failFn); break; default: console.log('Promise error status:', this._status); break; }; }); }
then 方法是 Promise 的一个主要方法,catch 和 finally 都可以用 then 来实现。当 Promise 的状态已经流转时,回调函数会立即被执行,当 Promise 还处于 Pending 状态时,回调函数被推入相应队列中等待执行。
完整代码
class MyPromise { constructor(fn) { this.fulfilledQueue = []; this.rejectedQueue = []; this._status = PENDING; this._value = null; const handleFulfilledQueue = () => { while(this.fulfilledQueue.length) { let fulfiledFn = this.fulfilledQueue.shift(); fulfiledFn(this._value); }; }; const handleRejectedQueue = () => { console.log(this.rejectedQueue); while(this.rejectedQueue.length) { let rejectedFn = this.rejectedQueue.shift(); rejectedFn(this._value); }; }; // 完成状态转变,执行回调队列中的回调函数 const _resolve = (val) => { const fn = () => { if(this._status !== PENDING) { return; } if(val instanceof MyPromise) { val.then((res) => { this._status = FULFILLED; this._value = res; handleFulfilledQueue(); }, (err) => { this._status = REJECTED; this._value = err; handleRejectedQueue(); }); } else { this._status = FULFILLED; this._value = val; handleFulfilledQueue(); } } setTimeout(fn, 0); } // 完成状态Pending到REJECTED的转变,执行rejected队列中的回调函数 const _reject = (val) => { const fn = () => { if(this._status !== PENDING) { return; } this._status = REJECTED; this._value = val; handleRejectedQueue(); } setTimeout(fn, 0); } try { // 处理外部传入函数执行异常 fn(_resolve, _reject); } catch(e) { return _reject(e); } } then(successFn, failFn) { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { // 执行成功时的回调函数 const handleSucess = (fn) => { try { if(typeof fn === 'function') { const res = fn(this._value); if(res instanceof MyPromise) { res.then(resolve, reject); } else { resolve(res); } } else { resolve(this._value) } } catch(e){ reject(e); } } // 执行失败时的回调函数 const handleFail = (fn) => { try { if(typeof fn === 'function') { const res = fn(this._value); if(res instanceof MyPromise) { res.then(resolve, reject); } else { resolve(res); } } else { reject(this._value); } } catch(e) { reject(e); } } switch(this._status){ case PENDING: // 异步任务尚未完成,将回调函数推入相应队列 this.fulfilledQueue.push(() => { handleSucess(successFn); }); this.rejectedQueue.push(() => { handleFail(failFn); }); break; case FULFILLED: // 异步任务成功完成,执行成功回调函数 handleSucess(successFn); break; case REJECTED: // 异步任务已失败,执行失败回调函数 handleFail(failFn); break; default: console.log('Promise error status:', this._status); break; }; }); } catch(failFn) { return this.then(null, failFn); } finally(finalFn){ return this.then(finalFn, finalFn); } static resolve(val) { if(val instanceof MyPromise) { return val; } else { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) =>{ resolve(val); }); } } static reject(val) { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { reject(val); }); } static all(promiseArr) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>{ const len = promiseArr.length; let count = 0; let result = []; for(let i = 0; i < len; i++) { promiseArr[i].then((val) => { count++; result.push[val]; if(count === len){ resolve(result); } }, (err) => { reject(err); }); } }); } static race(promiseArr) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>{ const len = promiseArr.length; for(let i = 0; i < len; i++) { promiseArr[i].then((val) => { resolve(val); }, (err) => { reject(err); }); } }); } }
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