字符串分割函数strtok(线程不安全),线程安全函数strtok_r
strtok_r函数---字符串分割函数
函数原型:
char *strtok_r(char *str, const char *delim, char **saveptr);
参数:
str:被分割的字符串,若str为NULL,则被分割的字符串为*saveptr
delim:依据此字符串分割str
saveptr:分割后剩余部分的字符串
返回值:
遇到第一个delim时,分割出的字符串,若没有遇到delim,则范围NULL
例程:
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
char str[1024] = "this is a test!";
char *token;
char *saveptr;
token = strtok_r(str, " ", &saveptr);
printf("token:%s\n",token);
printf("saveptr:%s\n\n\n",saveptr);
token = strtok_r(saveptr, " ", &saveptr);
printf("token:%s\n",token);
printf("saveptr:%s\n",saveptr);
return 0;
}
结果:
3.strtok和strtok_r的源代码
这两个函数的实现,由众多的版本。我strtok_r来自于GNU C Library,strtok则调用了strtok_r。因此先给出strtok_r的源代码。
- /*
- * strtok_r.c:
- * Implementation of strtok_r for systems which don‘t have it.
- *
- * This is taken from the GNU C library and is distributed under the terms of
- * the LGPL. See copyright notice below.
- *
- */
- #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
- #include "configuration.h"
- #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
- #ifndef HAVE_STRTOK_R
- static const char rcsid[] = "$Id: strtok_r.c,v 1.1 2001/04/24 14:25:34 chris Exp $";
- #include <string.h>
- #undef strtok_r
- /* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
- If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
- the next starting point. For example:
- char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
- char *sp;
- x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp); // x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
- x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp); // x = "def", sp = NULL
- x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp); // x = NULL
- // s = "abc/0-def/0"
- */
- char *strtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr) {
- char *token;
- if (s == NULL) s = *save_ptr;
- /* Scan leading delimiters. */
- s += strspn(s, delim);
- if (*s == ‘/0‘)
- return NULL;
- /* Find the end of the token. */
- token = s;
- s = strpbrk(token, delim);
- if (s == NULL)
- /* This token finishes the string. */
- *save_ptr = strchr(token, ‘/0‘);
- else {
- /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it. */
- *s = ‘/0‘;
- *save_ptr = s + 1;
- }
- return token;
- }
代码整体的流程如下:
(1)判断参数s是否为NULL,如果是NULL就以传递进来的save_ptr作为起始分解位置;若不是NULL,则以s开始切分。
(2)跳过待分解字符串开始的所有分界符。
(3)判断当前待分解的位置是否为‘/0‘,若是则返回NULL(联系到(一)中所说对返回值为NULL的解释);不是则继续。
(4)保存当前的待分解串的指针token,调用strpbrk在token中找分界符:如果找不到,则将save_ptr赋值为待分解串尾部‘/0‘所在的位置,token没有发生变化;若找的到则将分界符所在位置赋值为‘/0‘,token相当于被截断了(提取出来),save_ptr指向分界符的下一位。
(5)函数的最后(无论找到还是没找到)都将返回。
对于函数strtok来说,可以理解为用一个内部的静态变量将strtok_r中的save_ptr给保存起来,对调用者不可见。其代码如下:
- char *strtok(char *s, const char *delim)
- {
- static char *last;
- return strtok_r(s, delim, &last);
- }
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strtok()用来将字符串分割成一个个片段。参数s指向欲分割的字符串,参数delim则为分割字符串中包含的所有字符。当strtok()在参数s的字符串中发现参数delim中包含的分割字符时,则会将该字符改为\0 字符。在第一次调用时,strtok()必需给予参数s字符串,往后的调用则将参数s设置成NULL。每次调用成功则返回指向被分割出片段的指针。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | #include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> int main( void ) { char input[16]= "abc,d" ; char *p; /*strtok places a NULL terminator infront of the token,if found*/ p= strtok (input, "," ); if (p) printf ( "%s\n" ,p); /*Asecond call to strtok using a NULL as the first parameter returns a pointer to the character following the token*/ p= strtok (NULL, "," ); if (p) printf ( "%s\n" ,p); return 0; } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | #include<iostream> #include<cstring> using namespace std; int main() { char sentence[]= "This is a sentence with 7 tokens" ; cout << "The string to be tokenized is:\n" << sentence << "\n\nThe tokens are:\n\n" ; char *tokenPtr= strtok (sentence, " " ); while (tokenPtr!=NULL) { cout<<tokenPtr<<endl; tokenPtr= strtok (NULL, " " ); } //cout << "After strtok,sentence=" << tokenPtr<<endl; return 0; } |