基于Prism.Windows的UWP开发备忘
以前做UWP开发都是使用MvvmLight,主要是简单易上手,同时也写了很多MvvmLight的开发系列文章:
UWP开发必备以及常用知识点总结
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践九:基于MVVM的项目架构分享
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践八:为什么事件注销处理要写在OnNavigatingFrom中
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践七:如何查找设备(Mobile模拟器、实体手机、PC)中应用的Log等文件
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践六:MissingMetadataException解决办法(.Net Native下Default.rd.xml配置问题)
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践五:SuspensionManager中断挂起以及复原处理
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践四:{x:bind}和{Binding}区别详解
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践三:简单MVVM实例开发(图文详解付代码)
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践二:Mvvmlight的核心框架MVVM与MVC、MVP的区别(图文详解)
UWP开发之Mvvmlight实践一:如何在项目中添加使用Mvvmlight(图文详解)
出于开发效率考虑,以后打算都使用Prism或者Template10开发,其中很多的实现原理与MvvmLight相似。此次基于Prism.Windows完成的UWP应用虽然功能不是那么复杂,但是基本上用全了Prism的优良特性,特写下次篇做备忘。
总结一:IOC控制反转容器
目前只支持Unity,SimpleInjector,Autofac三个,相比MvvmCross或者Mvvmlight框架则选择更加灵活。
使用方法(例如:Unity):
1,App类继承于IOC对应的Application类。
sealed partial class App : PrismUnityApplication {}
2,依赖注入。(最好所有的注入都写在这个方法里面,后续的启动处理以及页面转移等可以立马使用。)
protected override Task OnInitializeAsync(IActivatedEventArgs args){ Container.RegisterInstance<INavigationService>(NavigationService); Container.RegisterInstance<ISessionStateService>(SessionStateService);
Container.RegisterType<ISettingService, SettingService>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());
return base.OnInitializeAsync(args);}
3,调用。
- App.cs内调用:
await Container.Resolve<IAppStartupService>().CreateDataBaseAsync();
- ViewModel内使用:
private INavigationService _navigationService; public HomePageViewModel(INavigationService navigationService) { _navigationService = navigationService; }
总结二:自动绑定
自动绑定的命名规则:
View名:HomePage
ViewModel名:HomePageViewModel
其次Views与ViewModels文件夹最好在同一个程序集下,然后View的头部添加如下两行代码,就可以自动绑定ViewModel。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
xmlns:prism="clr-namespace:Prism.Mvvm;assembly=Prism.Forms"prism:ViewModelLocator.AutowireViewModel="True"
x:Class="PrismUnityApp1.Views.MainPage" Title="MainPage"> <StackLayout HorizontalOptions="Center" VerticalOptions="Center"> <Label Text="{Binding Title}" /> </StackLayout> </ContentPage>
如果View与ViewModel分层了,通过自定义ViewModelTypeResolver也可以实现自动绑定。
ViewModelLocationProvider.SetDefaultViewTypeToViewModelTypeResolver( viewType => {
// 自由设置 return Type.GetType(""); });
Prism.Mvvm下ViewModelLocationProvide.cs的默认设置如下: static Func<Type, Type> _defaultViewTypeToViewModelTypeResolver = viewType => { var viewName = viewType.FullName; viewName = viewName.Replace(".Views.", ".ViewModels."); var viewAssemblyName = viewType.GetTypeInfo().Assembly.FullName; var suffix = viewName.EndsWith("View") ? "Model" : "ViewModel"; var viewModelName = String.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0}{1}, {2}", viewName, suffix, viewAssemblyName); return Type.GetType(viewModelName); };
总结三:NavigationService
全部接口:
- bool Navigate(string pageToken, object parameter);
- void GoBack();
- bool CanGoBack();
- void GoForward();
- bool CanGoForward();
- void ClearHistory();
- void RemoveFirstPage(string pageToken = null, object parameter = null);
- void RemoveLastPage(string pageToken = null, object parameter = null);
- void RemoveAllPages(string pageToken = null, object parameter = null);
- void RestoreSavedNavigation();
- void Suspending();
有了它再也不用担心一些特殊的页面漂移问题。
1,App.cs内部使用。(类以及包含NavigationService成员属性):
// 启动页面表示
NavigationService.Navigate("Home", null);
2,ViewModel使用。
private INavigationService _navigationService; public HomePageViewModel(INavigationService navigationService) { _navigationService = navigationService; }
_navigationService.ClearHistory()等
注意:
由于10,11 的记录保存与复原都是使用DataContractSerializer序列化,所以页面漂移参数最好使用字符串或者数字。
总结四:中断还原处理
SessionStateService是类似SuspensionManager专门处理中断。
1,App.cs内部设置
依赖注入
protected override Task OnInitializeAsync(IActivatedEventArgs args){ Container.RegisterInstance<ISessionStateService>(SessionStateService);
return base.OnInitializeAsync(args);}
类型注册
protected override void OnRegisterKnownTypesForSerialization() {
SessionStateService.RegisterKnownType(typeof(FavoriteInfo)); SessionStateService.RegisterKnownType(typeof(ServerInfo));// 这个比较重要SessionStateService.RegisterKnownType(typeof(ObservableCollection<FavoriteInfo>));
}
2,ViewPage类型设置
<prismMvvm:
SessionStateAwarePage
x:Class="PrismUnityApp1.Views.SettingPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:prismMvvm="using:Prism.Windows.Mvvm" prismMvvm:ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel="True"
mc:Ignorable="d">
3,ViewModel中数据成员属性设置
private ObservableCollection<FavoriteInfo> _favoriteFolders; [
RestorableState
] public ObservableCollection<FavoriteInfo> FavoriteFolders {
get { return _favoriteFolders; }
set { SetProperty(ref _favoriteFolders, value); } }
4,.net native相关的Default.rd.xml设置
<Type Name="PrismUnityApp1.DataModels.FavoriteInfo"
DataContractSerializer
="Required Public" />
<Namespace Name="System.Collections.ObjectModel" >
<TypeInstantiation Name="ObservableCollection" Arguments="PrismUnityApp1.DataModels.FavoriteInfo"
DataContractSerializer
="Required Public" />
</Namespace>
总结五:ResourceLoader
1,依赖注入。
protected override Task OnInitializeAsync(IActivatedEventArgs args)
{
Container.RegisterInstance<IResourceLoader>(new ResourceLoaderAdapter(new ResourceLoader()));
return base.OnInitializeAsync(args);
}
2,调用GetString()获取数据。
public MenuViewModel(INavigationService navigationService,
IResourceLoader
resourceLoader) { _navigationService = navigationService; Commands = new ObservableCollection<MenuItemViewModel> { new MenuItemViewModel { DisplayName =
resourceLoader
.GetString("MainPageMenuItemDisplayName"), FontIcon = "\ue15f", Command = new DelegateCommand(NavigateToMainPage, CanNavigateToMainPage) }, new MenuItemViewModel { DisplayName =
resourceLoader
.GetString("SecondPageMenuItemDisplayName"), FontIcon = "\ue19f", Command = new DelegateCommand(NavigateToSecondPage, CanNavigateToSecondPage) } }; }
总结六:属性验证Validatable
类似Asp.net MVC支持以下Validation:
- Required
- CreditCard
- EmailAddress
- PhoneNumber
- Range
- MinLength
- MaxLenght
- RegularExpression
- Enumeration
- URL
使用方法:1,继承与ValidatableBindableBase
public class Address :
ValidatableBindableBase
2,成员设置:
[Required(ErrorMessage = "Name is required.")] public string Name { get { return name; } set { SetProperty(ref name, value); } } [RegularExpression(@"[ABCD]\d{2,5}", ErrorMessage="Location is Quadrant (A -> D) and Sector (2 -> 5 digits)")] public string Location { get { return location; } set { SetProperty(ref location, value); } }
3,控件绑定
<TextBox Text="{Binding Name, Mode=TwoWay}" Header="Name" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding
Errors[Name][0]
}" Foreground="Red" HorizontalAlignment="Right" />
<ItemsControl x:Name="ErrorList" ItemsSource="{Binding
Errors.Errors
}" />
备注:通过继承ValidationAttribute 可以自定义各种验证逻辑。
总结七:菜单设置时机
App.cs内部的CreateShell方法中设置:
protected override UIElement CreateShell(Frame rootFrame) { var menuPage = Container.Resolve<MenuPage>(); menuPage.NavigationFrame.Content = rootFrame; return menuPage; }
总结八:数据库创建时机
以前我们一般都是在OnLaunched方法内部添加如下代码实现:
protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e) { Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame; // 不要在窗口已包含内容时重复应用程序初始化, // 只需确保窗口处于活动状态 if (rootFrame == null) { // 创建要充当导航上下文的框架,并导航到第一页 rootFrame = new Frame(); rootFrame.NavigationFailed += OnNavigationFailed; if (e.PreviousExecutionState == ApplicationExecutionState.Terminated) { //TODO: 从之前挂起的应用程序加载状态 } // 将框架放在当前窗口中 Window.Current.Content = rootFrame; } if (e.PrelaunchActivated == false) { if (rootFrame.Content == null) { // 数据库创建createDBAsync();
// 当导航堆栈尚未还原时,导航到第一页, // 并通过将所需信息作为导航参数传入来配置 // 参数 rootFrame.Navigate(typeof(MainPage), e.Arguments); } // 确保当前窗口处于活动状态 Window.Current.Activate(); } } Task createDBAsync() { // 略 return Task.FromResult(true); }
由于Prism封装了Application类,所以代码添加的位置也变了:
protected override Task InitializeFrameAsync(IActivatedEventArgs args) {createDBAsync();
return base.InitializeFrameAsync(args); }
基本就这些东西,总结一下方便以后开发,同时也希望对园友们有帮助。