Centos6.5 MySql rpm安装

一、检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除

[root@Mast ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
#卸载的时候可能存在依赖包，直接 -ev还删除不掉，需加上--nodeps 强制删除
[root@Mast ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
        libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64
        libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64
        mysql-libs is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64
[root@Mast ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64 --nodeps

二、下载Linux对应的RPM包

官方下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/  选择MySql Community Service(社区版进行下载)

我的是centos6.5 x86的系统，所以的下载包如下所示

[root@Mast data]# uname -a
Linux Mast 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@Mast data]# ls -l
total 115360
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23495271  MySQL-client-5.6.30-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  4591071  MySQL-devel-5.6.30-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 90037444  MySQL-server-5.6.30-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

三、安装MySQL

[root@Mast data]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.30-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
[root@Mast data]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.30-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
[root@Mast data]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.30-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

四、初始化MySQL及设置密码

[root@Mast ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db #初始化数据库
[root@Mast ~]# service mysql start       #启动数据库
[root@Mast ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret   #查看root用户的初始密码
# The random password set for the root user at Mon May 16 19:31:48 2016 (local time): DXaM9aqT62DxVUcv
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –p
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');    #设置密码为123456
mysql> exit
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p

五、允许远程登录

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
04
| host                  | user | password                                  |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost             | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
| 127.0.0.1             | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
| ::1                   | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

当远程通过jdbc连接数据库的时候，报如下错误；但是通过远程工具连接又不可以连接上。

java.sql.SQLException: Your password has expired.To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.

这句话的意思是，使用的密码过期，请及时修改密码；按照网上的很多指示修改密码，依然不能解决这个问题，怎么办？

答：解决方案如下： 

mysql> select host,user,password_expired from user;
+--------------+------+------------------+
| host         | user | password_expired |
+--------------+------+------------------+
| %            | root | N                |
| master       | root | N                |
| 127.0.0.1    | root | Y               |
| ::1          | root | N                |
| 172.16.8.163 | scm  | N                |
| master       | scm  | Y                |
| localhost    | root | Y                |
| localhost    | scm  | Y                |
+--------------+------+------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 简单说明一下：发现表中密码过期，密码过期状态（password_expired字段值）是否为Y，Y表示已过期，需要修改为N；

执行如下sql，将所有密码，都置为可用，完美解决。

update user set password_expired='N' 

六、设置开机自启动

[root@Mast data]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@Mast data]# chkconfig --list mysql
mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[root@Mast data]#

七、修改字符集

查看linux系统的字符集

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                              |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                               |
| character_set_connection | utf8                               |
| character_set_database   | latin1                             |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                             |
| character_set_results    | utf8                               |
| character_set_server     | latin1                             |
| character_set_system     | utf8                               |
| character_sets_dir       | /data/mysql-5.6.30/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+------------------------------------+

 可以看到character_set_database和character_set_server的默认字符集还是latin1，配置/etc/my.cnf文件，加入如下代码，重启后，完美解决

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

 每个版本的mysql这个文件的默认配置不一定相同，加入原则就是：

在[client] 后面加上default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]后面加上character-set-server=utf8

在[mysql]后面加上default-character-set=utf8

八、MySQL的默认安装位置

/var/lib/mysql/               #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql              #配置文件目录
/usr/bin                      #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql             #启动脚本

参考博客：http://blog.csdn.net/liumm0000/article/details/18841197