Ubuntu下安装Nginx,PHP5(及PHP-FPM),MySQL

环境:Ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS

nginx(发音"engine x")是一个自由,开放源码,高性能的HTTP server。Nginx以稳定性,丰富的功能集,简单的配置,和低资源消耗而出名。本文将向你展示怎么在ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS 上安装Nginx,php5(及php-fpm),mysql。

一:安装前做个简单的说明
我使用的域名为example.com,ip地址是218.198.177.252。你可以视具体情况更改这些设置。在下文中我将使用root权限安装所需软件,所以请先切换到root用户:sudo su
 
二:安装MySQL
 
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
 
安装过程会提示你为MySQL root 用户提供一个密码----这个密码对 root@localhost可用,同时对[email protected]也可用,因此你需要手动为MySQL root用户指定一个密码:
New password for the MySQL "root" user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword
Repeat password for the MySQL "root" user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword
 
三:安装Nginx
 
apt-get install nginx

1,启动nginx
/etc/init.d/nginx start
 
2,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1,如果看到Welcome to nginx!,则说明安装成功,ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS上nginx默认的网站根目录在 /usr/share/nginx/www。
 
四:安装PHP5
PHP5可以在nginx上通过PHP-FPM(PHP—FPM(FastCGI Process Manager) 是一个可选的 FastCGI,添加了一些了一些很有用的特性,特别是对于繁忙的站点)工作。
说明:Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或解析,所有的外部程序(包括PHP)必须通过FastCGI接口调用。
 
apt-get install php5-fpm
 
PHP-FPM是一个守护进程(init脚本文件在/etc/init.d/php5-fpm),它运行了一个FastCGI server,端口是 9000。
 
 
五:配置 nginx,以下是我本机的配置文件。
 
1,nginx的配置文件在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf, vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 如下:
 
user www-data;        //指定Nginx Worker 进程运行用户及用户组
worker_processes 4;      / /指定Nginx开启的进程数,每个Nginx进程平均耗费10M-20M内存。
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;    //用来指定进程id的存储文件的位置
 
events {                      //用来指定Nginx的工作模式,及连接上限数
           use epoll;      
           worker_connections 768;
           # multi_accept on;
}
 
http {
 
        ##
        # Basic Settings    //基本的设置
        ##
 
        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        # server_tokens off;
 
        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;
 
        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;
 
        ##
        # Logging Settings   //指定日志的存放路径
        ##
 
        access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 
        ##
        # Gzip Settings         //开启Gzip 压缩
        ##
 
        gzip on;
        gzip_disable "msie6";
 
         gzip_vary on;
         gzip_proxied any;
         gzip_comp_level 6;
         gzip_buffers 16 8k;
         gzip_http_version 1.1;
         gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
 
        ##
        # nginx-naxsi config
        ##
        # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
        ##
 
        #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;
 
        ##
        # nginx-passenger config
        ##
        # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
        ##
 
        #passenger_root /usr;
        #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
 
        ##
        # Virtual Host Configs      //虚拟主机的配置
        ##
 
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
 
 
}
#mail {
#       # See sample authentication script at:
#       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
#       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:110;
#               protocol   pop3;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:143;
#               protocol   imap;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#}
 
2,虚拟主机被定义在server{}中,默认文件在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default,vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default。
 
server {
        listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
        listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6
        root /usr/share/nginx/www;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
        # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
        server_name _;
        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to index.html
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        }
        location /doc {
                root /usr/share;
                autoindex on;
                allow 127.0.0.1;
                deny all;
        }
        location /images {
                root /usr/share;
                autoindex off;
        }
        #error_page 404 /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
                root /usr/share/nginx/www;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #       proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
                try_files $uri =404;
                fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                include fastcgi_params;
        }
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        location ~ /\.ht {
                deny all;
        }
}
 
 
3,保存文件,使配置生效 /etc/init.d/nginx reload
 
 
4,在Nginx的默认网站根目录创建一个PHP的测试文件 vim /usr/share/nginx/www/info.php
 
<? php
phpinfo();
?>
 
5,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php
 
你可以看见PHP5已经通过FPM/FastCGI工作了,具体可看Server API那行。向下滚动可以看见所有的模块在PHP5中都是可用的,MySQL还没有被列出来,意味着MySQL还没支持PHP5。

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