[case39]聊聊jdk httpclient的executor

序

本文主要研究一下jdk httpclient的executor

HttpClientImpl

java.net.http/jdk/internal/net/http/HttpClientImpl.java

private HttpClientImpl(HttpClientBuilderImpl builder,
                           SingleFacadeFactory facadeFactory) {
        id = CLIENT_IDS.incrementAndGet();
        dbgTag = "HttpClientImpl(" + id +")";
        if (builder.sslContext == null) {
            try {
                sslContext = SSLContext.getDefault();
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
                throw new InternalError(ex);
            }
        } else {
            sslContext = builder.sslContext;
        }
        Executor ex = builder.executor;
        if (ex == null) {
            ex = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new DefaultThreadFactory(id));
            isDefaultExecutor = true;
        } else {
            isDefaultExecutor = false;
        }
        delegatingExecutor = new DelegatingExecutor(this::isSelectorThread, ex);
        facadeRef = new WeakReference<>(facadeFactory.createFacade(this));
        client2 = new Http2ClientImpl(this);
        cookieHandler = builder.cookieHandler;
        connectTimeout = builder.connectTimeout;
        followRedirects = builder.followRedirects == null ?
                Redirect.NEVER : builder.followRedirects;
        this.userProxySelector = Optional.ofNullable(builder.proxy);
        this.proxySelector = userProxySelector
                .orElseGet(HttpClientImpl::getDefaultProxySelector);
        if (debug.on())
            debug.log("proxySelector is %s (user-supplied=%s)",
                      this.proxySelector, userProxySelector.isPresent());
        authenticator = builder.authenticator;
        if (builder.version == null) {
            version = HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2;
        } else {
            version = builder.version;
        }
        if (builder.sslParams == null) {
            sslParams = getDefaultParams(sslContext);
        } else {
            sslParams = builder.sslParams;
        }
        connections = new ConnectionPool(id);
        connections.start();
        timeouts = new TreeSet<>();
        try {
            selmgr = new SelectorManager(this);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // unlikely
            throw new InternalError(e);
        }
        selmgr.setDaemon(true);
        filters = new FilterFactory();
        initFilters();
        assert facadeRef.get() != null;
    }

• 这里如果HttpClientBuilderImpl的executor为null，则会创建Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new DefaultThreadFactory(id))

HttpClientImpl.sendAsync

java.net.http/jdk/internal/net/http/HttpClientImpl.java

@Override
    public <T> CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>>
    sendAsync(HttpRequest userRequest, BodyHandler<T> responseHandler)
    {
        return sendAsync(userRequest, responseHandler, null);
    }

    @Override
    public <T> CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>>
    sendAsync(HttpRequest userRequest,
              BodyHandler<T> responseHandler,
              PushPromiseHandler<T> pushPromiseHandler) {
        return sendAsync(userRequest, responseHandler, pushPromiseHandler, delegatingExecutor.delegate);
    }

    private <T> CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>>
    sendAsync(HttpRequest userRequest,
              BodyHandler<T> responseHandler,
              PushPromiseHandler<T> pushPromiseHandler,
              Executor exchangeExecutor)    {

        Objects.requireNonNull(userRequest);
        Objects.requireNonNull(responseHandler);

        AccessControlContext acc = null;
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null)
            acc = AccessController.getContext();

        // Clone the, possibly untrusted, HttpRequest
        HttpRequestImpl requestImpl = new HttpRequestImpl(userRequest, proxySelector);
        if (requestImpl.method().equals("CONNECT"))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported method CONNECT");

        long start = DEBUGELAPSED ? System.nanoTime() : 0;
        reference();
        try {
            if (debugelapsed.on())
                debugelapsed.log("ClientImpl (async) send %s", userRequest);

            // When using sendAsync(...) we explicitly pass the
            // executor's delegate as exchange executor to force
            // asynchronous scheduling of the exchange.
            // When using send(...) we don't specify any executor
            // and default to using the client's delegating executor
            // which only spawns asynchronous tasks if it detects
            // that the current thread is the selector manager
            // thread. This will cause everything to execute inline
            // until we need to schedule some event with the selector.
            Executor executor = exchangeExecutor == null
                    ? this.delegatingExecutor : exchangeExecutor;

            MultiExchange<T> mex = new MultiExchange<>(userRequest,
                                                            requestImpl,
                                                            this,
                                                            responseHandler,
                                                            pushPromiseHandler,
                                                            acc);
            CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>> res =
                    mex.responseAsync(executor).whenComplete((b,t) -> unreference());
            if (DEBUGELAPSED) {
                res = res.whenComplete(
                        (b,t) -> debugCompleted("ClientImpl (async)", start, userRequest));
            }

            // makes sure that any dependent actions happen in the CF default
            // executor. This is only needed for sendAsync(...), when
            // exchangeExecutor is non-null.
            if (exchangeExecutor != null) {
                res = res.whenCompleteAsync((r, t) -> { /* do nothing */}, ASYNC_POOL);
            }
            return res;
        } catch(Throwable t) {
            unreference();
            debugCompleted("ClientImpl (async)", start, userRequest);
            throw t;
        }
    }

• 这里如果是sendAsync的话，executor参数传递的是delegatingExecutor.delegate；如果是同步的send方法，则executor传的值是null
• 这里创建了一个MultiExchange，然后调用mex.responseAsync(executor).whenComplete((b,t) -> unreference())，这里使用了executor

MultiExchange.responseAsync

java.net.http/jdk/internal/net/http/MultiExchange.java

public CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>> responseAsync(Executor executor) {
        CompletableFuture<Void> start = new MinimalFuture<>();
        CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>> cf = responseAsync0(start);
        start.completeAsync( () -> null, executor); // trigger execution
        return cf;
    }

    private CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<T>>
    responseAsync0(CompletableFuture<Void> start) {
        return start.thenCompose( v -> responseAsyncImpl())
                    .thenCompose((Response r) -> {
                        Exchange<T> exch = getExchange();
                        return exch.readBodyAsync(responseHandler)
                            .thenApply((T body) -> {
                                this.response =
                                    new HttpResponseImpl<>(r.request(), r, this.response, body, exch);
                                return this.response;
                            });
                    });
    }

• 可以看到这里使用的是CompletableFuture的completeAsync方法(注意这个方法是java9才有的)，executor也是在这里使用的
• 由于默认是使用Executors.newCachedThreadPool创建的executor，要注意控制并发数及任务执行时间，防止线程数无限制增长过度消耗系统资源

/**
     * Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
     * will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
     * available, and uses the provided
     * ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.
     *
     * @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads
     * @return the newly created thread pool
     * @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
     */
    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
                                      threadFactory);
    }

RejectedExecutionException

• 实例代码

@Test
    public void testAsyncPool(){
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = ThreadPoolBuilder.fixedPool()
                .setPoolSize(2)
                .setQueueSize(5)
                .setThreadNamePrefix("test-")
                .build();

        List<CompletableFuture<String>> futureList = IntStream.rangeClosed(1,100)
                .mapToObj(i -> new CompletableFuture<String>())
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        futureList.stream()
                .forEach(future -> {
                    future.completeAsync(() -> {
                        try {
                            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
                            e1.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        return "message";
                    },executor);
                });
        CompletableFuture.allOf(futureList
                .toArray(new CompletableFuture<?>[futureList.size()]))
                .join();
    }

这里创建的是fixedPool，指定queueSize为5

• 日志输出

java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply@76b10754 rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@2bea5ab4[Running, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 5, completed tasks = 0]

    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2055)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:825)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1355)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completeAsync(CompletableFuture.java:2591)

可以看到线程池队列大小起到了限制作用

小结

jdk httpclient的executor在进行异步操作的时候使用，默认创建的是使用Executors.newCachedThreadPool创建的executor，其线程池大小是Integer.MAX_VALUE，因此在使用的时候要注意，最好是改为有界队列，然后再加上线程池的监控。

doc

• java.net.http javadoc