Linux 日常常用指令及应用小结
最近搞了一个阿里ECS，CentOS7，涉及到一些基本的Linux指令，在这里总结一下，在搭环境中常用的一些指令，熟悉这些指令就基本能够使用CentOS进行日常操作了。
更多的可以参考系统自带的 “Cammand --help” ,很实用。
目录相关指令
/*cd指令 *跳至到XX目录下，从Xshell远程登陆进去的目录是/root *cd .. 返回上一层目录 */ [root@Lettiy ~]# cd /usr/local /*ls 显示当前目录下的所有文件 */ [root@Lettiy local]# ls aegis bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src /*mkdir 新建，可以是目录，可以是文件 */ [root@Lettiy ~]# mkdir mytest [root@Lettiy ~]# ls mytest [root@Lettiy mytest]# mkdir text.txt [root@Lettiy mytest]# ls text.txt
文件处理指令（移动，删除，复制<cp 基本操作类似于mv>）
/*mv 可用于改名、也可用于移动 */ [root@Lettiy mytest]# mv text.txt newname.txt [root@Lettiy mytest]# ls newname.txt [root@Lettiy mytest]# mv newname.txt newdir [root@Lettiy mytest]# ls newdir [root@Lettiy mytest]# cd newdir [root@Lettiy newdir]# ls newname.txt /*rm 用于删除文件 普通删除文件用rm -f xx 普通目录删除 rm -rf xx 批量删除同一名字 rm -v xx* （此处*类似于通配符） */ [root@Lettiy newdir]# ls new1 new2 new3 new4 newname.txt [root@Lettiy newdir]# rm -f newname.txt [root@Lettiy newdir]# ls new1 new2 new3 new4 [root@Lettiy newdir]# rm -rf new4.txt [root@Lettiy newdir]# ls new1 new2. new3 [root@Lettiy newdir]# rm -rf -v new* removed directory: ‘new1' removed directory: ‘new2' removed directory: ‘new3'
文件下载与解压
/*wget 文件下载 wget url即可 */ [root@Lettiy newdir]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.79/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz --2017-08-13 23:35:56-- http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.79/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz Resolving mirrors.hust.edu.cn (mirrors.hust.edu.cn)... 202.114.18.160 Connecting to mirrors.hust.edu.cn (mirrors.hust.edu.cn)|202.114.18.160|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 8975395 (8.6M) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz 100%[================================================================================>] 8,975,395 19.3KB/s in 4m 36s 2017-08-13 23:40:33 (31.8 KB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz' saved [8975395/8975395] /*tar 对于tar.gz文件进行解压，解压为rpm文件再安装 tar -zxvf */ [root@Lettiy newdir]# ls apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz [root@Lettiy newdir]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/catalina.sh apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/configtest.sh apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/daemon.sh apache-tomcat-7.0.79/bin/digest.sh …… [root@Lettiy newdir]# ls apache-tomcat-7.0.79 apache-tomcat-7.0.79.tar.gz
文件安装与卸载
CentOS集成了yum，可配置源（repository）进行安装
/*yum 安装/卸载 yum install software yum remove software */ [root@Lettiy newdir]# yum install postgresql /*查看yum可安装的软件包,可配合grep进行关键字查询，例如‘java'*/ [root@Lettiy newdir]# yum list [root@Lettiy newdir]# yum list|grep 'java' /*rpm 刚刚解压tar得到的rpm文件则需要使用rpm 安装rpm -ivh 删除rpm -e 查看已经安装rpm -qa */ [root@Lettiy newdir]# rpm -ivh software.rpm
文件更改/查看
/*文件查看
cat指令、more指令、vi指令三者都可以实现查看
*/
[root@Lettiy newdir]# cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
fi
USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/develop/java/jdk1.8.0_144
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin/:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20
/*vi
vi directory
如果目录下存在则打开
如果不存在则新建一个空文件
*/如果要修改，进入按 I ,即可进入insert模式，进行更改；
保存：先ESC，然后输入：
wq:保存退出
q!:不保存退出
主要用于修改配置文件 ,例如：etc/proflie
端口和进程监控常用
/*ps 检测软件是否运行 或查看正在运行的进程 ps -ef|grep 'name' 例如：检测tomcat的运行状况 */ [root@Lettiy newdir]# ps -ef|grep 'tomcat' root 19785 1 0 Aug12 ? 00:01:05 /usr/develop/java/jdk1.8.0_144/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -classpath /usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/develop/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start root 22647 22470 0 23:58 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat /*netstat netstat -tl 查看当前tcp监听端口 netstat -tlp 查看当前tcp监听端口, 需要显示监听的程序名,当不清楚mysql的监听端口时比较好用 netstat -tl | grep 34006 只查看mysql的监听端口,当前启动的mysql端口为34006,明确知道mysql监听端口时使用 */
本地文件上传
需利用lrzsz
yum install lrzsz
然后使用rz sz即可上传下载。
总结
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