巧用BroadcastReceiver实现开机“自”启动

在使用智能手机的时候,有些程序是一直伴随这我们的,或者说是需要实时反馈和交互的,例如我们手机的主题界面,闹钟程序等等。对于这些程序,我们自然而然的会希望他们能够开机自启动,因为这样子可以避免忘记手动开启某些程序,例如日常闹钟等等,并且省了很多繁琐的事情。

        正如高焕堂先生总结Android框架时所说的“Don'tcall me, I'll call you back!”,在Android中,不同组件之间的调用往往是基于消息触发,而不是简单的事件调用。在Android中,广播机制也很好的贯彻了这个思想。下面这个程序,将会演示如何利用BroadcastReceiver来实现Activity和Service的开机自启动。

实现原理:当Android启动时,会发出一个系统广播,内容为ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED,它的字符串常量表示为android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED。所以,只要在BroadcastReceiver接收到该消息时,创建并启动相应的Activity和Service即可实现。

在该程序中,将创建一个BroadcastReceiver类BootBroadcastReceiver、一个Activity类StartOnBootActivity、一个Service类StartOnBootService。程序的示例程序的代码如下,重点代码的注解见代码中注释部分:

(1)配置文件“AndroidManifest.xml”

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    package="lulicheng.android.onboot" 
    android:versionCode="1" 
    android:versionName="1.0" > 
 
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" > 
    </uses-permission> 
 
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> 
 
    <application 
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" 
        android:label="@string/app_name" > 
        <activity 
            android:name=".StartOnBootActivity" 
            android:label="@string/app_name" > 
            <intent-filter> 
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> 
 
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> 
            </intent-filter> 
        </activity> 
 
        <service android:name=".StartOnBootService" > 
        </service> 
 
        <receiver android:name=".BootBroadcastReceiver" > 
            <intent-filter> 
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" /> 
            </intent-filter> 
        </receiver> 
    </application> 
 
</manifest> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="lulicheng.android.onboot"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" >
    </uses-permission>
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
    <application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <activity
            android:name=".StartOnBootActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <service android:name=".StartOnBootService" >
        </service>
        <receiver android:name=".BootBroadcastReceiver" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>
</manifest>
 

在该配置文件中,配置了各个组件的基本参数,在使用权限中需要加入“<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" >”权限,另外还有一点比较重要的就是在BootBroadcastReceiver中添加intent-filter,如此一来BootBroadcastReceiver的onReceiver方法才能被触发。

(2)广播监听类“BootBroadcastReceiver”

package lulicheng.android.onboot; 
 
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.content.Intent; 
 
public class BootBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { 
 
    // 系统启动完成  
    static final String ACTION = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"; 
 
    @Override 
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { 
        // 当收听到的事件是“BOOT_COMPLETED”时,就创建并启动相应的Activity和Service  
        if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION)) { 
            // 开机启动的Activity  
            Intent activityIntent = new Intent(context, StartOnBootActivity.class); 
            activityIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); 
            // 启动Activity  
            context.startActivity(activityIntent); 
 
            // 开机启动的Service  
            Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, StartOnBootService.class); 
            // 启动Service  
            context.startService(serviceIntent); 
        } 
    } 
 
} 
 
(3)“StartOnBootActivity” 
package lulicheng.android.onboot; 
 
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
 
public class StartOnBootActivity extends Activity { 
    @Override 
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
        // 设置Activity的显示内容为一个文本域  
        TextView aTextView = new TextView(this); 
        aTextView.setText("Wow!I started after cellphone boot."); 
        setContentView(aTextView); 
    } 
} 
 
(4)“StartOnBootService” 
package lulicheng.android.onboot; 
 
import android.app.Service; 
import android.content.Intent; 
import android.os.IBinder; 
import android.widget.Toast; 
 
public class StartOnBootService extends Service { 
 
    @Override 
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { 
        return null; 
    } 
 
    @Override 
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { 
        super.onStart(intent, startId); 
        // Service被启动时,将会有弹出消息提示[MyService onStart]  
        Toast.makeText(this, "[MyService onStart]", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); 
    } 
 
} 
package lulicheng.android.onboot;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
public class BootBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
 // 系统启动完成
 static final String ACTION = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED";
 @Override
 public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
  // 当收听到的事件是“BOOT_COMPLETED”时,就创建并启动相应的Activity和Service
  if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION)) {
   // 开机启动的Activity
   Intent activityIntent = new Intent(context, StartOnBootActivity.class);
   activityIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
   // 启动Activity
   context.startActivity(activityIntent);
   // 开机启动的Service
   Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, StartOnBootService.class);
   // 启动Service
   context.startService(serviceIntent);
  }
 }
}
(3)“StartOnBootActivity”
package lulicheng.android.onboot;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class StartOnBootActivity extends Activity {
 @Override
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  // 设置Activity的显示内容为一个文本域
  TextView aTextView = new TextView(this);
  aTextView.setText("Wow!I started after cellphone boot.");
  setContentView(aTextView);
 }
}
(4)“StartOnBootService”
package lulicheng.android.onboot;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class StartOnBootService extends Service {
 @Override
 public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
  return null;
 }
 @Override
 public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
  super.onStart(intent, startId);
  // Service被启动时,将会有弹出消息提示[MyService onStart]
  Toast.makeText(this, "[MyService onStart]", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
 }
}
 

程序实现后,在手机或者模拟器上面安装,然后重启机器,就能在开机进入系统之后看到该Activity界面以及Service的弹出消息。程序的运行截屏如下图:

 巧用BroadcastReceiver实现开机“自”启动

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