Linux下安装配置nginx详解

一、Linux下安装配置nginx

第一次安装nginx,中间出现的问题一步步解决。

用到的工具secureCRT，连接并登录服务器。

1.1 rz命令，会弹出会话框，选择要上传的nginx压缩包。

#rz

1.2 解压

[root@vw010001135067 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@vw010001135067 local]# tar -zvxf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

1.3 进入nginx文件夹，执行./configure命令

[root@vw010001135067 local]# cd nginx-1.10.2
[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure

报错如下：

checking for OS
 + Linux 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... not found

./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found

出现这个错误。那么就是gcc 包没有安装。

1.3.1 安装gcc

查看gcc

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# whereis gcc
gcc:

安装gcc

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# yum -y install gcc

安装成功后再次查看

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# whereis gcc
gcc: /usr/bin/gcc /usr/lib/gcc /usr/libexec/gcc /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz

gcc安装好了。

1.3.2 继续执行./configure

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure
checking for OS
 + Linux 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
......
checking for PCRE library ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/include/pcre/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

出现如上错误。安装pcre-devel

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# yum install pcre-devel

1.3.3 再次执行./configure

error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

如果有这个错误 那么执行

yum install zlib-devel

1.3.4 执行./configure后没有报错

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure
checking for OS
 + Linux 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17) (GCC) 
.......
Configuration summary
 + using system PCRE library
 + OpenSSL library is not used
 + md5: using system crypto library
 + sha1: using system crypto library
 + using system zlib library

 nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
 nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
 nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
 nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
 nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
 nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
 nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
 nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
 nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
 nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
 nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
 nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
 nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

1.4 如果你想使用openssl 功能，sha1 功能。 那么安装openssl ，sha1 吧

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# yum install openssl openssl-devel 
[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# install perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64

1.4.1 开启ssl 模块 执行./configure Cwith-http_ssl_module

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --with-http_ssl_module

1.4.2 启用“server+status”页，执行./configure Cwith-http_stub_status_module

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module

上面两个命令同时启动可以

代码如下：

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

1.5 上面configure就通过了

执行make 命令，执行make install 命令

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# make
[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# make install

至此，nginx 执行成功了

1.6 配置环境变量

在/etc/profile 中加入配置

打开配置文件

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# vi /etc/profile

在配置文件中加入

#nginx configure
export NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/nginx-1.10.2
export PATH=$PATH:$NGINX_HOME/sbin

我开始像上面填写，结果nginx -v的时候查找不到。注意到上面我的nginx_home配置的地址不对。先找到nginx的安装地址

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx

还真是地址写错了，把上面的改成

#nginx configure
export NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/nginx
export PATH=$PATH:$NGINX_HOME/sbin

编译完保存退出并执行

[root@vw010001135067 nginx-1.10.2]# source /etc/profile

使配置生效。

1.7 查看nginx版本

[root@vw010001135067 nginx]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.10.2

整个过程成功了！

二、修改nginx.conf

2.1 启动nginx

我的nginx服务在http://10.1.135.67/，配置成功后，现在启动nginx

[root@vw010001135067 nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@vw010001135067 nginx]# nginx -c conf/nginx.conf

启动成功，在浏览器打开http://10.1.135.67/，默认端口号80.

如上图，nginx已经正常工作了。

2.2 配置tomcat服务

现在我的tomcat服务在10.1.29.15，需要通过nginx转发。那么打开nginx.conf，修改配置文件。如下，添加：

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid  logs/nginx.pid;


events {
 worker_connections 1024;#最大连接数，默认为512
 accept_mutex on; #设置网路连接序列化，防止惊群现象发生，默认为on
 multi_accept on; #设置一个进程是否同时接受多个网络连接，默认为off
 #use epoll;  #事件驱动模型，select|poll|kqueue|epoll|resig|/dev/poll|eventport 
}


http {
 #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
 include  mime.types;

 #默认文件类型，默认为text/plain 
 default_type application/octet-stream;

 #自定义格式
 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; 

 #combined为日志格式的默认值
 access_log logs/access.log main;

 #允许sendfile方式传输文件，默认为off，可以在http块，server块，location块
 sendfile  on;
 sendfile_max_chunk 100k; #每个进程每次调用传输数量不能大于设定的值，默认为0，即不设上限。

 #tcp_nopush  on;

 #连接超时时间，默认为75s，可以在http，server，location块。
 keepalive_timeout 65;

 #gzip on;

 upstream upload {
  server 10.1.29.15:8080;
 }

 error_page 404 https://www.baidu.com; #错误页

 server {
  keepalive_requests 120; #单连接请求上限次数。
  listen  80; #监听端口
  server_name localhost; #监听地址 

  #charset koi8-r;

  #access_log logs/host.access.log main;

  location ~ ^.*?/upload/[^/]*?$ {
   proxy_connect_timeout 15;
   proxy_send_timeout 15;
   proxy_read_timeout 15;
   proxy_set_header Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   proxy_set_header Connection "";
   proxy_pass http://upload; #请求转向upload 定义的服务器列表
   client_max_body_size 1024m;
} 
 }
}

配置好后，保存配置文件，并且重启nginx

[root@vw010001135067 nginx]# nginx -s reload

在浏览器调用upload项目是否成功

如图能正确访问项目，配置成功！