分享MySQL的自动化安装部署的方法

有过MySQL运维的人应该都清楚，线上的MySQL一般都采用源码编译，因为这样才可以根据企业的各自需要选择要编译的功能，虽然MySQL的源码编译挺简单的，但是试想一下，如果你有几百台服务器同时要安装MySQL，难道你还一台台去手动编译、编写配置文件吗？这显然太低效了，本文讨论MySQL的自动化安装部署。

1、制作符合自己需求的RPM包

我们要根据MySQL的源码编译符合企业需求的RPM包，源码获取命令如下：

wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.16
mkdir rpm
cd rpm

在上面我们获取了源码，并在源码主目录下创建rpm目录，接着我们在该目录下创建mysql.spec文件：

Name: mysql
Version:5.6.16
Release: guahao
License: GPL
URL: http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz
Group: applications/database
BuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root
BuildRequires: cmake
Packager: [email protected]
Autoreq: no
prefix: /opt/mysql
Summary: MySQL 5.6.16

%description
The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user,
and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Server
is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as well
as for embedding into mass-deployed software.

%define MYSQL_USER mysql
%define MYSQL_GROUP mysql
%define __os_install_post %{nil}

%build
cd $OLDPWD/../
CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
export CFLAGS CXX CXXFLAGS

cmake .                                                  \
  -DSYSCONFDIR:PATH=%{prefix}                            \
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=%{prefix}                  \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release                      \
  -DENABLE_PROFILING:BOOL=ON                             \
  -DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=OFF                                  \
  -DWITH_VALGRIND:BOOL=OFF                               \
  -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF                           \
  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all                       \
  -DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled                              \
  -DWITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=OFF                             \
  -DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled                             \
  -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                \
  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                 \
  -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                  \
  -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                \
  -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON               \
  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                                 \
  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci                    \
  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all                              \
  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE:BOOL=ON                         \
  -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=0                               \
  -DINSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE                     \
  -DCOMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON                              \
  -DMYSQL_SERVER_SUFFIX='-r5436';

make -j `cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor| wc -l`

%install
cd $OLDPWD/../
make DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT install

%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT

%files
%defattr(-, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP})
%attr(755, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP}) %{prefix}/*

%pre

%post
ln -s %{prefix}/lib %{prefix}/lib64

%preun

%changelog
有了这个spec文件之后，就可以执行如下命令生成我们自己的RPM包：
rpmbuild -bb ./mysql.spec

2、编写my.cnf模板

my.cnf模板如下：

[mysqld_safe]
pid-file=/opt/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

[mysql]
prompt=\\u@\\d \\r:\\m:\\s>
default-character-set=gbk
no-auto-rehash

[client]
socket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#dir
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmp
log-error=/data/mysql/log/alert.log
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/log/slow.log
general_log_file=/data/mysql/log/general.log
socket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock

#innodb
innodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:2G;ibdata2:16M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=4
innodb_log_files_in_group=4
innodb_log_file_size=1G
innodb_log_buffer_size=200M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60
innodb_io_capacity=200
innodb_thread_concurrency=32
innodb_read_io_threads=8
innodb_write_io_threads=8
innodb_open_files=60000
innodb_file_format=Barracuda
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_change_buffering=all
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_read_ahead=0
innodb_use_native_aio=0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_strict_mode=1
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED

#myisam
key_buffer_size=100M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
concurrent_insert=2
delayed_insert_timeout=300

#replication
master-info-file=/data/mysql/log/master.info
relay-log=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay
relay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.info
relay-log-index=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.index
slave_load_tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmp
slave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY"
slave_net_timeout=4
skip-slave-start
sync_master_info=1000
sync_relay_log_info=1000

#binlog
log-bin=/data/mysql/log/mysql-bin
server_id=2552763370
binlog_cache_size=32K
max_binlog_cache_size=2G
max_binlog_size=500M
binlog_format=ROW
sync_binlog=1000
log-slave-updates=1
expire_logs_days=0

#server
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=gbk
lower_case_table_names=1
skip-external-locking
open_files_limit=65536
safe-user-create
local-infile=1
performance_schema=0

log_slow_admin_statements=1
log_warnings=1
long_query_time=1
slow_query_log=1
general_log=0

query_cache_type=0
query_cache_limit=1M
query_cache_min_res_unit=1K

table_definition_cache=65536

thread_stack=512K
thread_cache_size=256
read_rnd_buffer_size=128K
sort_buffer_size=256K
join_buffer_size=128K
read_buffer_size=128K

port=3306
skip-name-resolve
skip-ssl
max_connections=4500
max_user_connections=4000
max_connect_errors=65536
max_allowed_packet=128M
connect_timeout=8
net_read_timeout=30
net_write_timeout=60
back_log=1024

#server id

细心的读者应该会注意在，在my.cnf的末尾在server id上留了空白，在后面的shell脚本会动态加上，这是因为在一个企业内部的所有MySQL的server id必须保持全局一致性，这样在主备复制时才不会导致混乱。
其实如果想把这个脚本写的更通用，完全可以把更多的参数留白，如port、datadir、内存相关参数等，这里我只是以server id为例，抛砖引玉。

3、准备MySQL数据目录模板

你得事先准备一台MySQL，可以根据自己的需求，把通用性的东西放在上面（如账户等），下面是一个最简单的已安装好的MySQL的数据目录结构：

[root@lx25 mysql]# ls -l
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  2 09:26 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  1 18:21 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  2 09:26 tmp
[root@lx25 mysql]# cd data
[root@lx25 data]# ls -l
total 6314044
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 test

把该目录用tar打包（命名为data.tar），然后以这个为模板解压至新装MySQL实例的数据目录下即可。
4、编写自动化安装部署脚本

在运行这个脚本之前，我们必须得把前面几部制作的rpm包、my.cnf模板和数据目录模板放到一个固定的地方，本例中是放在企业内部的ftp上。

MySQL自动化安装部署脚本（命名为：mysql_install.sh）如下：

#!/bin/sh

#Step 1: Prepare
yum install cmake gcc g++ bison ncurses-devel zlib

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

#Step 2: Get Source
ftp -n<<EOF
open 10.10.100.254
user zhuxianjie zxj321
binary
cd mysql
prompt
mget *
EOF

#Step 3: Install
unique_id=`date "+%Y%m%d%M%S"`
echo 'server_id='$unique_id >> my.cnf
rpm -ivh mysql-5.6.16-guahao.x86_64.rpm
cp my.cnf /opt/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

tar xvf data.tar -C /data
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

#step 4: Start MySQL
cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

/etc/init.d/mysqld start