sqlplus: Command not found. if: Expression Syntax. 错误解决方案 .

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      果然，事情永远不会一帆风顺，在连续出了N次故障后，今天，俺的 Oracle 11g 终于不甘寂寞，再次的出来“兴风作浪”了。

      今天的问题很简单，我登录进oracle用户以后，键入sqlplus出现如下错误：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ sqlplussqlplus: Command not found.

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试了几次又重新启动都是这样的，于是立刻去百度，出来一大堆，具体有以下两种：

1. oracle环境变量设置不正确或者PATH设置不正确。
2. root登陆后应该 su - oracle，而不是直接 su oracle，中间加短线以继承oracle用户的环境变量。

第2种情况不用考虑，我是用secureCRT直接登录的oracle，不存在环境变量没继承的问题。

至于第1种情况我记得从没有改过家目录下的 .bash_profile 文件，我 vi  .bash_profile 看了一下没有发现有什么问题：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if[-f~/.bashrc];then

.~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATHunset USERNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle

ORACLE_SID=zzb

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

stty erase ^h

#DISPLAY=192.168.0.1:0.0; export DISPLAY

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

".bash_profile"28L,464Cwritten

[oracle@zzb ~]$ vi .bash_profile

#Getthealiasesandfunctions

if[-f~/.bashrc];then

.~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATHunset USERNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle

ORACLE_SID=zzb

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

stty erase ^h

#DISPLAY=192.168.0.1:0.0; export DISPLAY

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于是我又输入：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ env | grep ORA

[oracle@zzb ~]$

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终于出问题了，oracle的环境变量竟然一个也没出来，难道是启动时出了什么问题？于是我又输入：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ source .bash_profile if: Expression Syntax.

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怪了，竟然出了语法问题。这时我突然想起来了，这几天我在学 Shell ，难道是我昨天切换到其他的 shell 下没有切换回来？似乎只有这样才会报语法问题吧，毕竟不同的 shell 之间语法还是有一些差异的。于是我就：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ echo $SHELL/bin/csh

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果然是 shell 的问题。于是我：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ exec bash[oracle@zzb ~]$

[oracle@zzb ~]$ pstree

init─┬─acpid

├─anacron

├─atd

├─crond

├─cups-config-dae

├─cupsd

├─dbus-daemon-1

├─events/0

├─gpm

├─hald

├─htt───htt_server

├─khelper

├─khubd

├─kjournald

├─klogd

├─kseriod

├─ksoftirqd/0

├─kswapd0

├─kthread─┬─aio/0

│├─ata/0

│├─ata_aux

│├─kacpid

│├─kauditd

│├─kblockd/0

│└─2*[pdflush]

├─migration/0

├─6*[mingetty]

├─24*[oracle]

├─portmap

├─rpc.idmapd

├─rpc.statd

├─scsi_eh_0

├─2*[sendmail]

├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree

├─syslogd

├─udevd

├─vmhgfs

├─vmmemctl

├─vmware-guestd

├─xfs

     └─xinetd

[oracle@zzb ~]$ env|grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=zzb

ORACLE_BASE=/u01

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle

[oracle@zzb ~]$

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大家可以看到，现在一切正常了。然后再次输入：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@zzb ~]$

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这次没报错，然后我就：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Nov 7 12:55:15 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connectedtoanidleinstance.

SQL>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes

FixedSize1299624bytes

VariableSize226495320bytes

DatabaseBuffers79691776bytes

RedoBuffers6373376bytes

Databasemounted.

Databaseopened.

SQL> select * from dual;

D

-

X

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可以看到，正常进入了。

最后，秉着好奇心，我又输入：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ echo $SHELL/bin/csh

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额。。。怎么还是 csh，pstree 里显示的明明只有 bash ，没办法，我只能：

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[oracle@zzb ~]$ su -

Password:

[root@zzb~]#cat/etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

news:x:9:13:news:/etc/news:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTPUser:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:Systemmessagebus:/:/sbin/nologin

vcsa:x:69:69:virtualconsolememoryowner:/dev:/sbin/nologin

rpm:x:37:37::/var/lib/rpm:/sbin/nologin

haldaemon:x:68:68:HALdaemon:/:/sbin/nologin

netdump:x:34:34:NetworkCrashDumpuser:/var/crash:/bin/bash

nscd:x:28:28:NSCDDaemon:/:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separatedSSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:PortmapperRPCuser:/:/sbin/nologin

mailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin

smmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCServiceUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:AnonymousNFSUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

pcap:x:77:77::/var/arpwatch:/sbin/nologin

apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin

squid:x:23:23::/var/spool/squid:/sbin/nologin

webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin

xfs:x:43:43:XFontServer:/etc/X11/fs:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin

pegasus:x:66:65:tog-pegasusOpenPegasusWBEM/CIMservices:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin

htt:x:100:103:IIIMFHtt:/usr/lib/im:/sbin/nologin

named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin

dovecot:x:97:97:dovecot:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin

erazy0:x:500:500:erazy0:/home/erazy0:/bin/bash

oracle:x:501:501::/u01/oracle:/bin/csh<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<注意这行

[root@zzb ~]# vi /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

news:x:9:13:news:/etc/news:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTPUser:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:Systemmessagebus:/:/sbin/nologin

vcsa:x:69:69:virtualconsolememoryowner:/dev:/sbin/nologin

rpm:x:37:37::/var/lib/rpm:/sbin/nologin

haldaemon:x:68:68:HALdaemon:/:/sbin/nologin

netdump:x:34:34:NetworkCrashDumpuser:/var/crash:/bin/bash

nscd:x:28:28:NSCDDaemon:/:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separatedSSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:PortmapperRPCuser:/:/sbin/nologin

mailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin

smmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCServiceUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:AnonymousNFSUser:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

pcap:x:77:77::/var/arpwatch:/sbin/nologin

apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin

squid:x:23:23::/var/spool/squid:/sbin/nologin

webalizer:x:67:67:Webalizer:/var/www/usage:/sbin/nologin

xfs:x:43:43:XFontServer:/etc/X11/fs:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin

pegasus:x:66:65:tog-pegasusOpenPegasusWBEM/CIMservices:/var/lib/Pegasus:/sbin/nologin

htt:x:100:103:IIIMFHtt:/usr/lib/im:/sbin/nologin

named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin

dovecot:x:97:97:dovecot:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin

erazy0:x:500:500:erazy0:/home/erazy0:/bin/bash

oracle:x:501:501::/u01/oracle:/bin/bash

"/etc/passwd" 41L, 1932C written   

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注意到被我加红的那一行，问题就出在这儿，看来是昨天练习 shell 的时候不小心把oracle用户的登陆shell给改了，现在我再：

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 [oracle@zzb ~]$ echo $SHELL/bin/bash

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终于好了，至此，我的 sqlplus 不能登录的问题应该算是圆满解决了。

PostScripts：贴一段找来的Matlab error "if: Expression Syntax" in tcsh 作为参考

Solution:

The "if: Expression Syntax" error can occur if you have the SHELL environment variable set to something different than what is expected. For example, one MATLAB user reported this error and was able to trace it to their use of "tcsh" instead of "csh." Once they explicitly set the SHELL variable in .matlab6rc.sh to "csh" the "if: Expression Syntax" was resolved.If you are using "csh" or "tcsh", the "if: Expression Syntax" error may also occur as a result of a syntax error in either the .cshrc or .tcshrc files. Please examine the appropriate file for any errors. Alternatively, you can have MATLAB use "sh" by entering the following before starting MATLAB:

setenv MATLAB_SHELL=/bin/sh

Note: The method for setting environment variables depends on which shell you are using.