Python的Flask框架应用程序实现使用QQ账号登录的方法
Flask-OAuthlib是OAuthlib的Flask扩展实现,
项目地址:
https://github.com/lepture/flask-oauthlib
主要特性:
- 支持OAuth 1.0a, 1.0, 1.1, OAuth2客户端
- 友好的API(和Flask-OAuth一样)
- 与Flask直接整合
- 等等……
Flask-OAuthlib提供了多个开放平台的示例代码,比如Google, Facebook, Twiter, Github, Dropbox, 豆瓣, 微博等,只是暂时没有QQ登录的示例代码。
QQ OAuth登录示例
下面是QQ登录的代码:
import os import json from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, session, request, jsonify, Markup from flask_oauthlib.client import OAuth QQ_APP_ID = os.getenv('QQ_APP_ID', '101187283') QQ_APP_KEY = os.getenv('QQ_APP_KEY', '993983549da49e384d03adfead8b2489') app = Flask(__name__) app.debug = True app.secret_key = 'development' oauth = OAuth(app) qq = oauth.remote_app( 'qq', consumer_key=QQ_APP_ID, consumer_secret=QQ_APP_KEY, base_url='https://graph.qq.com', request_token_url=None, request_token_params={'scope': 'get_user_info'}, access_token_url='/oauth2.0/token', authorize_url='/oauth2.0/authorize', ) def json_to_dict(x): '''OAuthResponse class can't not parse the JSON data with content-type text/html, so we need reload the JSON data manually''' if x.find('callback') > -1: pos_lb = x.find('{') pos_rb = x.find('}') x = x[pos_lb:pos_rb + 1] try: return json.loads(x, encoding='utf-8') except: return x def update_qq_api_request_data(data={}): '''Update some required parameters for OAuth2.0 API calls''' defaults = { 'openid': session.get('qq_openid'), 'access_token': session.get('qq_token')[0], 'oauth_consumer_key': QQ_APP_ID, } defaults.update(data) return defaults @app.route('/') def index(): '''just for verify website owner here.''' return Markup('''<meta property="qc:admins" ''' '''content="226526754150631611006375" />''') @app.route('/user_info') def get_user_info(): if 'qq_token' in session: data = update_qq_api_request_data() resp = qq.get('/user/get_user_info', data=data) return jsonify(status=resp.status, data=resp.data) return redirect(url_for('login')) @app.route('/login') def login(): return qq.authorize(callback=url_for('authorized', _external=True)) @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.pop('qq_token', None) return redirect(url_for('get_user_info')) @app.route('/login/authorized') def authorized(): resp = qq.authorized_response() if resp is None: return 'Access denied: reason=%s error=%s' % ( request.args['error_reason'], request.args['error_description'] ) session['qq_token'] = (resp['access_token'], '') # Get openid via access_token, openid and access_token are needed for API calls resp = qq.get('/oauth2.0/me', {'access_token': session['qq_token'][0]}) resp = json_to_dict(resp.data) if isinstance(resp, dict): session['qq_openid'] = resp.get('openid') return redirect(url_for('get_user_info')) @qq.tokengetter def get_qq_oauth_token(): return session.get('qq_token') if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
主要流程:
- 访问QQ互联网站 http://connect.qq.com/ 注册成为开发者,并申请应用,申请应用时需要验证网站所有权;
- 应用申请好之后,把QQ_APP_ID和QQ_APP_KEY替换为你的应用的;
- 访问/login,然后会跳转到QQ的授权验证网页;
- QQ验证通过之后,会跳转回到/login/authorized,并获取access_token;
- 得到access_token之后,通过access_token获取openid,access_token和openid是后期调用其它API的必要参数;
- 跳转到/user_info,获取并显示登录用户的基本信息。
更多信息请参阅Flask-OAuthlib文档和QQ互联文档:
https://flask-oauthlib.readthedocs.org/
http://wiki.connect.qq.com/
关于SAE平台的特别说明
在SAE平台上,授权过程没有任何问题,当获取到access_token之后,调用API时,会在请求时(比如get, put)附加类似如下的请求头:
headers = {u'Authorization': u'Bearer 83F40E96FB6882686F4DF1E17105D04E'}
这个请求头会引发HTTPError: HTTP Error 400: Bad request,造成请求失败。解决的办法是把键名转换成str类型,Hack代码如下:
def convert_keys_to_string(dictionary): """Recursively converts dictionary keys to strings.""" if not isinstance(dictionary, dict): return dictionary return dict((str(k), convert_keys_to_string(v)) for k, v in dictionary.items()) def change_qq_header(uri, headers, body): headers = convert_keys_to_string(headers) return uri, headers, body qq.pre_request = change_qq_header
当项目部署在SAE平台时,将这段代码放在if __name__ == '__main__'语句之前即可。
小结
OAuth2登录验证还是比较容易的,绝大多数的平台都支持标准的协议,使用通用的库可以简化开发流程。另外,QQ登录的代码已经提交到Flask-OAuthlib代码库了。
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