mysql基本应用
数据库操作:
create database db_name charset utf8;#创建数据库
drop database db_name;#删除数据库
use db_name;#切换数据库
show databases;#查看所有数据库
表操作:
创建表:
数据类型:
整形:
tinyint smallint int bigint
浮点型:
float double
字符串:
char varchar text
日期类型:
date datetime timestamp
约束:
1、主键约束 唯一、非空 primary key
2、外键约束 foreign key
3、唯一约束 unique
4、非空约束 not null
5、默认值约束 default
6、自增长 auto_increment
DDL、DCL、DML语句:
DDL:
数据定义语句 create、drop、alter
DML:
数据操纵语句 select、insert、update、delete
DCL:
数据控制语句 grant
建表
create table student (
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null ,
phone varchar(11) unique not null,
sex tinyint default 0,
addr varchar(50),
brith datetime default current_timestamp,
index(name)
);
create table score (
id int primary key auto_increment,
score float not null,
sid int not null
);
create table student_new like student; -- 快速创建一个和student表结构一样的表
修改表:
alter table student add class2 int not null; -- 增加字段
alter table student drop addr; -- 删除字段
alter table student change name new_name varchar(20) not null; -- 修改字段
alter table student modify name varchar(30) ;
删除表:
drop table student;
清空表:
truncate table student; -- 自增长id会重新开始
其他操作:
show tables;-- 查看当前所有表
show create table student; -- 查看建表语句
desc student; -- 查看表结构
数据操作:
增:
insert into student values (‘‘,‘python‘,‘11111111111‘,0,‘北京‘,‘2019-01-03 18:39:23‘); --写全
insert into student (name,phone) values (‘mysql‘,‘12345678901‘); -- 指定字段
insert into student (name,phone) values (‘mysql1‘,‘12345678902‘),(‘mysql2‘,‘22345678901‘); --多条
insert into student_new select * from student; -- 把一个表的数据快速导出到另外一个表
修改:
update student set name=‘mysql3‘ ; --修改全表数据
update student set name‘mysql2‘,sex=1; --修改多个字段
update student set name=‘mysql3‘ where id = 1; #指定修改某条数据
删除:
delete from student; --整表数据删除
delete from student where id = 3; --指定数据删除
查询:
基本查询
select * from student;
select id,name,addr from student; --指定字段
select id as 编号, addr 地址 , name 姓名 from student; --字段加别名
where条件
select * from student where id=1; --where条件 >,<,>=,<=,!=,<>
select * from student where id in (1,2,3) and id != 5; -- in和and条件
select * from student where id between 1 and 5; -- 范围
select * from student where id between 1 and 5 or id > 10; -- or
排序
select * from student where id between 1 and 5 order by id desc; -- 一起用的话,order by必须写在where条件后面
select * from student order by id desc ; -- 降序排序,按照id,升序的话是asc
select * from student order by id,name asc ; -- 升序,按照id和name排序,asc可以省略不写
分组
select * from student group by sex; -- 按照某个字段分组,可以写多个字段
select * from student group by sex having addr !=‘北京‘;
select * from student where id >5 group by sex having addr !=‘北京‘; -- 如果有where条件,必须写在group by前面,group by后面不能再写where条件,如果有条件必须用having子句
limit
select id as 编号, addr 地址 , name 姓名 from student limit 2; -- 前N条数据
select id as 编号, addr 地址 , name 姓名 from student limit 1,5; -- 从第一行开始,向后取5行,不包含第一行的数据
select * from student where id >0 group by sex having addr !=‘北京‘ limit 5; -- limit必须写在最后面
select * from student where id >0 group by sex having addr !=‘北京‘ order by id desc limit 5; -- limit必须写在最后面
#如果一个sql里面有where、group by、排序、limit,顺序一定是1、where 2、group by 3、order by 4、limit
聚合函数
select count(*) from student; -- 多少条数据
select count(addr) from student; -- 某个字段不为空的有多少条
select count(*) 人数 ,sex 性别 from student group by sex; -- 多少条数据
select avg(age) from student; -- 平均值
select sum(score) from score; -- 和
select min(score) from score;
select max(score) from score;
子查询
select * from student where id in (select sid from score where score >= 60);
多表查询
select * from student a ,score b where a.id = b.sid and a.score>90;
select a.name,b.score,a.class2 from student a ,score b where a.id = b.sid and a.score>90;
select a.name ,b.score,a.class2 from student a inner join score b on a.id = b.sid where a.score > 90;
select a.name ,b.score,a.class2 from student a left join score b on a.id = b.sid where a.score > 90;
# 授权 GRANT ALL privileges ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘; GRANT ALL privileges ON byz.* TO ‘byz‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘; flush privileges;
#下面是命令,不是sql语句,在命令行里面执行的。 # mysql常用命令: mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 #登录mysql mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -A > /tmp/all_data.sql #备份所有数据库 mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 --add-drop-table --add-drop -A > /tmp/all_data.sql #导出带有删除表和删除库的sql mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 --no-data -d nhy_db > /tmp/all_data.sql #只导出表结构 mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 nhy_db < all_data.sql #恢复数据库