Oracle DataGuard

```1、文档介绍
本实施方案主要对Oracle DataGuard实施部署作相应的说明。以便实施人员能根据当前业务特点，规划、建设符合高可用、高可靠的数据库集群系统。具体由Oracle DG环境拓扑、Oracle单机数据库规划部分构成！
2 、Oracle Data Guard 介绍
2.1 Data Guard环境拓展
2.2 Data Guard特点
数据库服务器采用DATAGUARD灾备模式，可以满足对可用性有特殊需求的应
用，具备以下特点：
1、 需要冗余的服务器设备。该模式需要有冗余的服务器硬件。硬件成本较高。
2、 需要冗余的存储设备。主机和备机都需要同样的存储空间，成本较高。
3、 安装配置比较复杂。该模式比单节点、单实例的模式配置复杂一些，需要
更多的配置步骤。
4、 管理维护成本高。该模式对维护人员的要求较高，维护成本高。
5、 具备一定的容灾特性。当主机整个数据库系统不可用并短期内无法恢复
时，可以把数据库系统切换到备机上，具备容灾的功能。
6、 备机可以用作只读查询。备机可以切换到只读状态供报表之类的查询操
作，减轻主机的压力。
3、Oracle DataGurad单实例部署
3.1安装环境
在主机1上安装数据库软件，并建监听和实例，
在主机2上安装数据库软件，并建监听，但不建实例。
主机1（主库） 主机2（备库）
操作系统 Centos6.5 64位 Centos6.5 64位
主机名 orcl orclstd
IP 192.168.168.186 192.168.168.187
数据库软件版本 11.2.0.4 11.2.0.4
ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1
ORACLE_SID orcl
闪回区 开启
归档 开启

3.2主数据库配置
3.2.1 设置数据库归档
查看数据库是否运行在归档模式：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled #未开启归档
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 117
Current log sequence 119
SQL>
备注：如果数据库已经开启归档，下面的操纵可以忽略。
如上所示未开启归档，可按下面方法开启数据库归档
SQL> shutdown immediate #关闭数据库
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount; #启动到mount状态
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog; #开启归档
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; #open数据库
Database altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/data/ORCL/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl‘; #设置归档路径，此处DB_UNIQUE_NAME要与此实例中指定的DB_UNIQUE_NAME保持一致
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /data/ORCL/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 119
Next log sequence to archive 121
Current log sequence 121
SQL>
3.2.2 设置数据库闪回
验证是否开启闪回
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON

NO
SQL>
备注：如果数据库已经开启flashback，那么下面步骤可忽略。
如上显示，该数据库未开启flashback，可按下面方法开启。
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest=‘/home/oracle/flashdata‘; #设置闪回去路径 （忽略）
-----------此处就是归档路径
System altered.
SQL> altersystem set db_recovery_file_dest_size=‘15G‘; #设置闪回区大小 （忽略）
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate; #关闭数据库
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database flashback on; #开启闪回
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; #open数据库
Database altered.
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database; #验证是否开启
FLASHBACK_ON

YES
SQL>
3.2.3 设置数据库强制归档
验证是否开启focelogging
SQL>select force_logging from v$database;
FOR

NO
如果数据库已经开启force logging，那么下面步骤可忽略。
如上可以看出数据库未开启，则按下面步骤执行：
SQL>alter database force logging; #开启force logging
Database altered.
SQL>select force_logging from v$database; #验证
FOR

YES
SQL>
3.2.4 添加STANDBY 日志文件
在备库，当RFS进程接受到日志后，就将其写入Standby日志文件里，备库的Standby日志文件可以看做是主库在线日志文件的一个镜像，当主库做日志切换时，备库的Standby日志也做相应的切换，切换后的Standby日志由备库的ARCH进程归档。
Oracle规定备库的Standby日志文件大小不能小于主库在线日志文件最大的一个，一般情况下，为了管理方便，最好把所有的在线日志和Standby日志大小设为一样。
通过下面语句可以查询主库在线日志的大小和组数：
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024

---

1      50
 2      50
 3      50

SQL>
通过下面的语句可以查询备库Standby日志的大小和组数：
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;
no rows selected
创建standby logfile
创建原则
1、 确保standby redo log 的大小与主库online redo log 的大小保持一致
2、 如主库为单实例数据库：standby redo log组数=主库日志组总数
3、 如果主库是RAC数据库：standby redo log组数=（每线程的日志组数+1）*最大线程数
4、 不建议复用standby redo log，避免增加额外的I/O以及延缓重做传输
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 11 ‘ /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo11_stb01.log‘ size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 12 ‘/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo12_stb01.log‘size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 13 ‘ /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo13_stb01.log‘size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 14 ‘/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo14_stb01.log‘ size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024

---

50
     50
     50
     50

SQL>
3.2.5 修改参数文件
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orclstd)‘; ---主备库唯一名，无先后顺序
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=orclstd LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orclstd‘ scope=spfile;
------此处的SERVICE是指到从库的TNS名
--如果搭建延迟DG，加上DELAY=minutes，默认30分钟，启动方式也不同
alter database recover managed standby database delay 1440 disconnect from session;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable‘;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=‘enable‘;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl‘ scope=spfile;
------- db_file_name_convert是指数据文件路径,此处设置了一样的路径,路径名最后必须加上/
----------如果是集群的磁盘组就不用，例：+DATA

System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/‘ scope=spfile;
---------日志路径也设置成一致，路径名最后必须加上/
----------如果是集群的磁盘组就不用，例：+DATA
System altered.
SQL> alter system set fal_server=‘orclstd‘; --备库tns
-------与备库设置相反
System altered.
SQL> alter system set fal_client=‘orcl‘; --主库tns
-------与备库设置相反
System altered.
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘;
System altered.
注意：上面修改的参数有的需要重启数据库才能生效，下面为重启数据库步骤
SQL> shutdown immediate
Databaseclosed.
Databasedismounted.
ORACLEinstance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLEinstance started.

TotalSystem Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
VariableSize 566231504 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 117440512 bytes
RedoBuffers 3031040 bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL>

3.2.6 修改监听配置文件

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
注意：如果主库上的监听之前已经配置过，这里可以忽略该步骤。
~
~
3.2.7 修改TNS配置文件
orcl:/home/[email protected]>vi/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.186)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

orclstd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.187)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orclstd)
)
)
3.2.8 重启监听服务
orcl:/home/[email protected]>lsnrctl stop
orcl:/home/[email protected]>lsnrctl start
3.2.9 拷贝参数文件
利用spfile创建pfile
create pfile=‘/home/oracle/pfile.ora‘ from spfile;
将pfile拷贝到备库
scp /home/oracle/pfile.ora 192.168.168.187:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
重命名pfile.ora为initorclstd.ora
3.2.10 拷贝密码文件
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
scp orapworcl 192.168.168.187:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
3.3备库配置
3.3.1 修改参数文件
以下是主库参数文件：
orcl.db_cache_size=2113929216
orcl.java_pool_size=33554432
orcl.large_pool_size=50331648
orcl.oracle_base=‘/u01/app/oracle‘#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.pga_aggregate_target=922746880
orcl.sga_target=2768240640
orcl.shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.shared_pool_size=536870912
orcl.streams_pool_size=0
.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump‘
.audit_trail=‘db‘
.compatible=‘11.2.0.4.0‘
.control_files=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl‘
.db_block_size=8192
.db_domain=‘‘
.db_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl‘
.db_name=‘orcl‘
.db_recovery_file_dest=‘/home/oracle/flashdata‘
.db_recovery_file_dest_size=16106127360
.db_unique_name=‘ORCL‘
.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘
.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)‘
.fal_client=‘ORCL‘
.fal_server=‘ORCLSTD‘
.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orclstd)‘
.log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=orclstd LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orclstd‘
.log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable‘
.log_archive_dest_state_2=‘enable‘
.log_archiveformat=‘%t%s_%r.dbf‘
.log_file_name_convert=‘/home/oracle/flashdata/orclstd/onlinelog‘,‘/home/oracle/flashdata/orcl/onlinelog‘
.open_cursors=300
.pga_aggregate_target=917504000
.processes=150
.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘
.sga_target=2752512000
.standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘
.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘
以下是备库参数文件：
orclstd.db_cache_size=3439329280
orclstd.java_pool_size=16777216
orclstd.large_pool_size=33554432
orclstd.oracle_base=‘/u01/app/oracle‘#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orclstd.pga_aggregate_target=922746880
orclstd.sga_target=4294967296
orclstd.shared_io_pool_size=0
orclstd.shared_pool_size=771751936
orclstd.streams_pool_size=0
.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/orclstd/adump‘
.audit_trail=‘db‘
.compatible=‘11.2.0.4.0‘
.control_files=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstd/control01.ctl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstd/control02.ctl‘
.db_block_size=8192
.db_domain=‘‘
.db_file_name_convert=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl‘,‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl‘
.db_name=‘orcl‘
.db_recovery_file_dest=‘/home/oracle/flashdata‘
.db_recovery_file_dest_size=16106127360
.db_unique_name=‘ORCLSTD‘
.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘
.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)‘
.fal_client=‘ORCLSTD‘
.fal_server=‘ORCL‘
.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orclstd)‘
.log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=orcl LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl‘
.log_archive_dest_state_1=‘enable‘
.log_archive_dest_state_2=‘enable‘
.log_archiveformat=‘%t%s_%r.dbf‘
.log_file_name_convert=‘/home/oracle/flashdata/orcl/onlinelog‘,‘/home/oracle/flashdata/orclstd/onlinelog‘
.open_cursors=300
.pga_aggregate_target=917504000
.processes=150
.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘
.sga_max_size=4294967296
.sga_target=4294967296
.standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘
*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘
3.3.2 修改密码文件
修改之前从主库拷贝过来的密码文件，具体如下：
orclstd:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/[email protected]>mv orapworcl orapworclstd
3.3.3 创建相应的文件目录
根据上面修改的参数文件，为备库创建相应的文件目录
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orclstd/adump
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstd/
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>mkdir -p /home/oracle/flashdata
3.3.4 修改监听配置文件
orclstd:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/[email protected]>vi listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.187)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orclstd)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orclstd)
)
)

3.3.5 修改TNS配置文件
orclstd:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/[email protected]>vi tnsnames.ora
具体如下：
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.186)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

orclstd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.187)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orclstd)
)
)

3.3.6 重启监听服务
orclstd:/data/[email protected]>lsnrctl stop
orclstd:/data/[email protected]>lsnrctl start
3.3.7 启动数据库到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount pfile=‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorclstd.ora‘;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile; #创建spfile
File created.
再次重启数据库
3.3.8 验证监听和TNS配置
主库上验证:
orcl:/home/[email protected]>sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 10:34:42 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
orcl:/home/[email protected]>sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 10:34:50 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL>
备库上验证：
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 11:05:01 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>sqlplus sys/[email protected] as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 11:05:05 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL>
注意：该步骤一定要在主备库上都能通过才能执行下面步骤
3.3.9 恢复数据库
在备库执行
rman target sys/[email protected]主库tns auxiliary sys/[email protected]备库tns
orclstd:/home/[email protected]>rman target sys/[email protected] auxiliary sys/[email protected]
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 -Production on Tue Jun 6 11:13:43 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL(DBID=3677012495)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
具体执行过程显示如下：
Starting Duplicate Db at 2017/06/06 11:14:26
using target database control file insteadof recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 devicetype=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl‘ auxiliary format
‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworclstd‘ ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:29
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:31
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format ‘/data/ORCLSTD/controlfile/o1_mfdm1flhj3.ctl‘;
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
‘‘/data/ORCLSTD/controlfile/o1_mfdm1flhj3.ctl‘‘ comment=
‘‘Set by RMAN‘‘ scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:32
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.ftag=TAG20170606T105032 RECID=5 STAMP=945946234
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:36
sql statement: create spfile from memory
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (notstarted)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ‘‘/data/ORCLSTD/controlfile/o1_mfdm1flhj3.ctl‘‘comment= ‘‘Set by RMAN‘‘ scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (notstarted)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone ‘alter database mount standby database‘;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standbydatabase
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_tempdm1fp4bs.tmp";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf" datafile
2auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf" datafile
3auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf" datafile
4auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf" ;
sql ‘alter system archive log current‘;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_tempdm1fp4bs.tmp in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 2017/06/06 11:15:06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf
output filename=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf tag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf
output filename=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf tag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf
output file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbftag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf
output filename=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf tag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2017/06/06 11:18:07
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at2017/06/06 11:18:25
RMAN>
3.3.10 备库开启实时同步
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
如果是延迟DG，启动语句，这里是延迟1440分钟
alter database recover managed standby database delay 1440 disconnect from session;
3.3.11 开启flashback
上面DataGuard搭建好之后，千万不要忘了把备库的flashback打开，具体如下：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; #取消实时同步
Database altered.
SQL> shutdownimmediate #关闭数据库
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startupmount #打开到mount状态
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecatedparameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alterdatabase flashback on; #开始flashback
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; #open数据库
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; #开启实时同步
Database altered.
3.4验证DG同步
上面已经把DataGurad搭建完，下面介绍如何验证DataGuard是否能实时同步

1. 通过查看archive_log_dest_2列是否有error报错，如果有报错，则需要先根据报错内容解决问题
   SQL>col dest_name format a30
   SQL>col error format a20
   SQL>select dest_name,error from v$archive_dest;
   DEST_NAME ERROR

   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_11

DEST_NAME ERROR

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_12
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_13
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_14
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_15
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_16
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_17
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_18
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_19
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_20
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_21
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_22
DEST_NAME ERROR

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_23
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_24
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_25
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_26
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_27
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_28
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_29
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_30
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_31
31rows selected.
SQL>
注意：上面显示没有报错

1. 查询主库最大归档序号，一致即归档同步成功。
   主库上执行：
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   132
   备库上操作：
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   132
   主库上执行日志切换
   SQL>alter system archive log current;
   Systemaltered.
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   133
   SQL>
   备库上再次验证：
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   133
   SQL>

2. 查看主备库状态
   主库上执行：
   SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   TOSTANDBY PRIMARY
   备库上执行：
   SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   NOTALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY

3. 可以创建一个table进行测试
   主库上操作：
   SQL>create table dg(id number);
   Tablecreated.
   SQL>insert into dg values(1);
   1row created.
   SQL>commit;
   Commit complete.
   SQL>select * from dg;
   ID

   1
   备库上操作：
   SQL>select * from dg;
   ID

   1
   SQL>
   上面说明DG是同步的。
   3.5DG切换与恢复
   我们配置DG的目的就是为了在主库出现故障时，备库能够提供服务，保证业务的正常运行。DG的故障切换分为switchover和failover两种:
   3.5.1 switchover
   switchover是用户有计划的进行停机切换，能够保证不丢失数据，下面我们来看下switchover是怎样操作的：
   主库上操作：
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   ---

   TO STANDBY PRIMARY
   SQL>
   注意：上面查询结果为TO STANDBY 或 SESSIONS ACTIVE表明可以进行切换
   SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;-- SESSIONS ACTIVE
   Database altered.
   SQL> startup mount
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
   Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
   Variable Size 566231504 bytes
   Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
   Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
   Database mounted.
   SQL> select database_role from v$database;
   DATABASE_ROLE

   PHYSICAL STANDBY
   备库上操作：
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   TO PRIMARY PHYSICAL STANDBY
   SQL>
   注意：上面查询结果显示为TO PRIMARY 或 SESSIONS ACTIVE表明可以切换成主库；
   现在可以把备库切换成主库：
   SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;-------- SESSIONS ACTIVE
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE

   ---

   SESSIONS ACTIVE PRIMARY READ WRITE
   记住：这时候需要在现在的备库（原先的主库）开启实时同步
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
   Database altered.
   到此DG switover切换完成，验证方法同上。
   3.5.2 failover
   failover是当主库真正出现严重系统故障，如数据库宕机，软硬件故障导致主库不能支持服务，从而进行的切换动作。
   注意：为了能够在failover后能够恢复DG,需要在主库上开启flashback，如果不开启flashback的话，DG就可能需要重新搭建
   由于主库已经不可访问，下面所有的操作都在备库完成：
   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; #停止实时同步
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;
   Database altered.
   SQL> select database_role from v$database;
   DATABASE_ROLE

   PHYSICAL STANDBY
   SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE

   ---

   RESOLVABLE GAP PRIMARY READ WRITE
   至此failover操作完成，原来的备库已经切换为主库，可以给业务提供服务了。
   3.5.2 failover恢复
   备注：如果未开启flashback，需要使用rman备份重新搭建ADG
   上面提到了failover，这种情形是当主库真正出现异常之后，才会执行的操作，那么我们执行过failover 之后，如何在重新构建DG，这里我们利用flashback database来重构，具体方法如下：
   在新的主库上执行：
   SQL> select to_char(standby_became_primary_scn) from v$database;
   TO_CHAR(STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN)

   977458
   在之前的主库上，也就是现在的备库上执行下面的操作:
   SQL> startup mount
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
   Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
   Variable Size 566231504 bytes
   Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
   Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
   Database mounted.
   SQL> flashback database to scn 977458; #这个值为在新主库上查询到的SCN值
   Flashback complete.
   SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;
   Database altered.
   SQL> shutdown immediate
   ORA-01507: database not mounted
   ORACLE instance shut down.
   SQL> startup
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
   Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
   Variable Size 566231504 bytes
   Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
   Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
   Database mounted.
   Database opened.
   SQL> alterd atabase recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
   Database altered.
   SQL>
   到此failover 恢复已经完成，关于如何验证DG方法如上，这里不在介绍。