可爱的周六日又到了，今天分享一份珍藏的笔记，关于Oracle中各个命中率的计算以及相关的调优。

1)Library Cache的命中率:

.计算公式:Library Cache Hit Ratio = sum(pinhits) / sum(pins)

SQL>SELECT SUM(pinhits)/sum(pins) FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;

通常在98%以上，否则，需要要考虑加大共享池，绑定变量，修改cursor_sharing等参数。

2)计算共享池内存使用率:

SQL>SELECT (1 - ROUND(BYTES / (&TSP_IN_M * 1024 * 1024), 2)) * 100 || '%'

FROM V$SGASTAT

WHERE NAME = 'free memory' AND POOL = 'shared pool';

其中: &TSP_IN_M是你的总的共享池的SIZE(M)

共享池内存使用率，应该稳定在75%-90%间，太小浪费内存，太大则内存不足。

查询空闲的共享池内存:

SQL>SELECT * FROM V$SGASTAT

WHERE NAME = 'free memory' AND POOL = 'shared pool';

3)db buffer cache命中率:

计算公式:Hit ratio = 1 - [physical reads/(block gets + consistent gets)]

SQL>SELECT NAME, PHYSICAL_READS, DB_BLOCK_GETS, CONSISTENT_GETS,

1 - (PHYSICAL_READS / (DB_BLOCK_GETS + CONSISTENT_GETS)) "Hit Ratio"

FROM V$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS

WHERE NAME='DEFAULT';

通常应在90%以上，否则，需要调整,加大DB_CACHE_SIZE

4)数据缓冲区命中率：

SQL> select value from v$sysstat where name ='physical reads';

SQL> select value from v$sysstat where name ='physical reads direct';

SQL> select value from v$sysstat where name ='physical reads direct (lob)';

SQL> select value from v$sysstat where name ='consistent gets';

SQL> select value from v$sysstat where name = 'db block gets';

这里命中率的计算应该是

令 x = physical reads direct + physical reads direct (lob)

命中率 =100 - ( physical reads - x) / (consistent gets + db block gets - x)*100

通常如果发现命中率低于90%,则应该调整应用可可以考虑是否增大数据缓冲区

5)共享池的命中率：

SQL> select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins)*100 "hit radio" from v$librarycache;

假如共享池的命中率低于95%,就要考虑调整应用（通常是没使用bind var ）或者增加内存

6)计算在内存中排序的比率:

SQL>SELECT * FROM v$sysstat t WHERE NAME='sorts (memory)';—查询内存排序数

SQL>SELECT * FROM v$sysstat t WHERE NAME='sorts (disk)';—查询磁盘排序数

--caculate sort in memory ratio

SQL>SELECT round(&sort_in_memory/(&sort_in_memory+&sort_in_disk),4)*100||'%' FROM dual;

此比率越大越好,太小整要考虑调整,加大PGA

7)PGA的命中率:

计算公式:BP x 100 / (BP + EBP)

BP: bytes processed

EBP: extra bytes read/written

SQL>SELECT * FROM V$PGASTAT WHERE NAME='cache hit percentage';

或者从OEM的图形界面中查看

我们可以查看一个视图以获取Oracle的建议值:

8)共享区字典缓存区命中率

计算公式：SUM(gets - getmisses - usage -fixed) / SUM(gets)

命中率应大于0.85

SQL>select sum(gets-getmisses-usage-fixed)/sum(gets) from v$rowcache;

9)数据高速缓存区命中率

计算公式：1-(physical reads / (db block gets + consistent gets))

命中率应大于0.90最好

SQL>select name,value from v$sysstat where name in ('physical reads','db block gets','consistent gets');

10)共享区库缓存区命中率

计算公式：SUM(pins - reloads) / SUM(pins)

命中率应大于0.99

SQL>select sum(pins-reloads)/sum(pins) from v$librarycache;

11)检测回滚段的争用

SUM(waits)值应小于SUM(gets)值的1%

SQL>select sum(gets),sum(waits),sum(waits)/sum(gets) from v$rollstat;

12)检测回滚段收缩次数

SQL>select name,shrinks from v$rollstat, v$rollname where v$rollstat.usn = v$rollname.usn;

觉得有用的帮忙转发下哦~

后面会更多的分享关于运维DBA和devops内容，感兴趣的朋友可以关注下！