Memcached构建缓存加速集群部署
前言:
Memcached 是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统,用于动态Web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数,从而提高动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。Memcached基于一个存储键/值对的hashmap。其守护进程(daemon )是用C写的,但是客户端可以用任何语言来编写,并通过memcached协议与守护进程通信。
CentOS 6.5最下化安装系统(RedHat6/Centos6系列)
实验环境:magent1:192.168.1.1 magent2:192.168.1.2 漂移IP:192.168.1.10
主缓存memcached:192.168.1.3
从缓存memcached:192.168.1.4
1、四台机器都要安装libevent软件
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/libevent-2.0.21-stable/
[root@localhost libevent-2.0.21-stable]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/
[root@localhost libevent-2.0.21-stable]# make && make install
2、安装memcached软件
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf memcached-1.4.31.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/memcached-1.4.31/
[root@localhost memcached-1.4.31]# ./configure --enable-memcache --with-libevent=/usr/
[root@localhost memcached-1.4.31]# make && make install
主缓存:
[root@localhost ~]# memcached -d -m 1024 -u root -l 192.168.1.3 -p 11211
-d:开启守护进程daemon -m:制定分配的内存memory
-u:用户 -l:监听的IP地址 -P:监听的端口号
备缓存:
[root@localhost ~]# memcached -d -m 1024 -u root -l 192.168.1.4 -p 11211
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep memcached
3、安装magent软件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/magent
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf magent-0.6.tar.gz -C /usr/magent/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/magent/
[root@localhost magent]# vim ketama.h
添加(头部添加):
#ifndef SSIZE_MAX
#define SSIZE_MAX 32767
#endif
[root@localhost magent]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libm.so /usr/lib64/libm.a
[root@localhost magent]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libevent-1.4.so.2 /usr/lib64/libevent.a
[root@localhost magent]# /sbin/ldconfig
[root@localhost magent]# sed -i "s#LIBS = -levent#LIBS = -levent -lm#g" Makefile
[root@localhost magent]# vim Makefile
将CFLAGS = -Wall -O2 -g修改为 CFLAGS = -lrt -Wall -O2 -g
[root@localhost magent]# make
[root@localhost magent]# cp magent /usr/bin/
主缓存和备缓存一样的启动命令
[root@localhost ~]# magent -u root -n 51200 -l 192.168.1.10 -p 12000 -s 192.168.1.3:11211 -b 192.168.1.4:11211
注意:IP192.168.1.10是后面要做的keepalived虚拟IP地址,后面要用到!
[root@localhost ~]# magent -u root -n 51200 -l 192.168.1.10 -p 12000 -s 192.168.1.3:11211 -b 192.168.1.4:11211
-u:用户
-n:最大连接数
-l:magent对外监听IP地址
-p:magent对外监听端口
-s:magent主缓存IP地址和端口
-b:magent备缓存IP地址和端口
[root@localhost ~]# ps -elf | grep magent
4、安装keepalived软件--在magent1和magent2上面都安装
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.13.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/keepalived-1.2.13/
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.13]# ./configure --prefix=/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
PS:yum -y install kernel-devel 才能出现如上文件
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.13]# make && make install
配置mangent1上面的keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
修改:
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL_R1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 主的优先级应该高于备机的值
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.10 漂移IP地址
}
}
后面的部分全部删除或注释掉
[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived restart
[root@localhost ~]# ip add show dev eth0
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip add show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:82:0f:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.1/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.10/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:f58/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
配置magent2的keepalived
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
修改:
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL_R2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
priority 99
......
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.10
}
---其他参数与主缓存服务器保持一致----
}
[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived restar
验证:
客户端ping 192.168.1.10 查看VIP的变化情况。
5、验证:
1)用主缓存节点连接上主缓存的1200端口插入数据
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.10 12000
Trying 192.168.1.10...
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
Escape character is '^]'.
输入quit 回车后即可退出telnet
Connection closed by foreign host.
2)查看插入的数据
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.10 12000
Trying 192.168.1.10...
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
Escape character is '^]'.
输入quit 回车后即可退出telnet
Connection closed by foreign host.
3)连接主缓存节点的11211端口进行查看
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.3 11211
Trying 192.168.1.3...
Connected to 192.168.1.3.
Escape character is '^]'.
输入quit 回车后即可退出telnet
Connection closed by foreign host.
4)连接主缓存节点的11211端口进行查看
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.4 11211
Trying 192.168.1.4...
Connected to 192.168.1.4.
Escape character is '^]'.
输入quit 回车后即可退出telnet
Connection closed by foreign host.
说明主缓存节点和备缓存节点都有数据。
宕掉主缓存节点。
1)停止memcached进程(或者断开主缓存节点的网卡),
2)客户端查看
[root@localhost ~]# telnet 192.168.1.10 12000
Trying 192.168.1.10...
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
Escape character is '^]'.
OK,实验完毕,加油,送给一直坚持的你!嘿嘿。。。。
本文只做了简单的安装测试,更深层次的请查看其它精选文档
总结:
memcache的优点:可以做多主或者多从
memcache的缺点:当主缓存节点当掉又恢复,之前的缓存数据会丢失。
Memcached 的详细介绍:请点这里
Memcached 的下载地址:请点这里