扩容linux的根目录（实操记录！！）
前言
仅尽量，方边后面参考。
参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43139644/article/details/89948983
准备动作
- 1.数据无价，以下所有操作请务必在虚拟机上先操作1次
- 2.在服务器中加入硬盘；sdb就是本次加入的硬盘
[ ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 1.8T 0 part └─centos-root 253:0 0 1.8T 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 1.8T 0 disk
操作步骤：
- 1.使用 fdisk -l 查看硬盘序号，并用 fdisk 对硬盘操作，格式化成lvm的格式
[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf2edcde9.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167):
Using default value 3907029167
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1.8 TiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[ ~]#- 2.重新识别硬盘
[ ~]# partprobe
- 3.将刚刚的硬盘重新格式化，格式化为xfs格式
[ ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=122094598 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=488378390, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=238466, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[ ~]#- 4.使用lvm命令，对根目录进行扩容
# 进入lvm模式
[ ~]# lvm
# 查看当前的pv卷
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <1.82 TiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 476419
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 476419
PV UUID ZSlskf-Hrdk-4by2-jIUq-bbJD-kmfb-EptRPC
# 新建pv卷
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
# 再次查看pv卷，已经有两个pv卷了。
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <1.82 TiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 476419
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 476419
PV UUID ZSlskf-Hrdk-4by2-jIUq-bbJD-kmfb-EptRPC
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<1.82 TiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size <1.82 TiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID p844T5-gdrK-g63T-8zOT-IcYk-1Ren-32D2fZ
lvm>
# 查看vg组
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <1.82 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 476419
Alloc PE / Size 476419 / <1.82 TiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID d7YIEM-gVrC-P6rl-DsH8-IVai-MeTO-9GGP1M
# 将刚刚生成的pv卷 /dev/sdb1 加入到根目录所在的vg组：centos
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
# 再次查看，根目录所在的vg组：centos 已经扩容成功
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <3.64 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 953350
Alloc PE / Size 476419 / <1.82 TiB
Free PE / Size 476931 / <1.82 TiB
VG UUID d7YIEM-gVrC-P6rl-DsH8-IVai-MeTO-9GGP1M
# 看到vg size 增加到了3.64T,Free PE size 也有了1.8T(476931)的大小。（我们要增加的就是这个PE的大小！！）
lvm>
# 先查看lv卷
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID v9hEnv-KnJa-bM3A-gGgQ-pcXJ-G77d-4RAaZM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-07-17 14:47:37 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <1.82 TiB
Current LE 476419
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
# 使用 lvextend 为根目录进行扩容
lvm> lvextend -l +476931 /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <1.82 TiB (476419 extents) to <3.64 TiB (953350 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
# 再次查看lv卷，LV Size 已经有3.64T啦
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID v9hEnv-KnJa-bM3A-gGgQ-pcXJ-G77d-4RAaZM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-07-17 14:47:37 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <3.64 TiB
Current LE 953350
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
lvm> exit
Exiting.
[ ~]#
[ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev
tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 95G 670M 94G 1% /run
tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 1.9T 1.6T 252G 87% /
/dev/sda1 2.0G 173M 1.9G 9% /boot
tmpfs 19G 36K 19G 1% /run/user/0
# 硬盘大小还是之前大小，再进行多1步：扩容文件系统
[ ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=121963264 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=487853056, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=238209, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 487853056 to 976230400
# 扩容成功
[ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev
tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 95G 670M 94G 1% /run
tmpfs 95G 0 95G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 3.7T 1.6T 2.1T 44% /
/dev/sda1 2.0G 173M 1.9G 9% /boot
tmpfs 19G 36K 19G 1% /run/user/0
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