Linux上实现SSH免密码登陆远程服务器
0.说明
平常使用SSH登陆远程服务器时,都需要使用输入密码,希望可以实现通过密钥登陆而免除输入密码,从而可以为以后实现批量自动部署主机做好准备。
环境如下:
IP地址 | 操作系统 | |
服务器端 | 10.0.0.128/24 | CentOS 6.5 x86 |
客户端 | 10.0.0.129/24 | Ubuntu 16.04 x86 |
1.客户端生成密钥对
生成密钥对:
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$
ssh
-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
Generating public
/private
rsa key pair.
Enter
file
in
which
to save the key (
/home/linuxidc/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
):
Created directory
'/home/linuxidc/.ssh'
.
Enter passphrase (empty
for
no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved
in
/home/linuxidc/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.
Your public key has been saved
in
/home/linuxidc/
.
ssh
/id_rsa
.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:eLssyXJLzUCfSN5mu6nqNH9dB
/gOyXSvWBwQdNssIYE
linuxidc@linuxidc
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o=oo |
| E .o = |
| o oo o |
| + = .o +. |
| = So = + |
| B o+ = o |
| o...=. * o |
| ..+=..+o o |
| .o++== |
+----[SHA256]-----+
查看生成的密钥对:
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ ls .ssh
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
# id_rsa为私钥,这个一般需要保密;id_rsa.pub为公钥,这个可以公开。
2.上传公钥到服务器端
使用scp命令操作:
The authenticity of host
'10.0.0.128 (10.0.0.128)'
can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0Tpm11wruaQXyvOfEB1maIkEwxmjT2AklWb198Vrln0.
Are you sure you want to
continue
connecting (
yes
/no
)?
yes
Warning: Permanently added
'10.0.0.128'
(RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 393 0.4KB
/s
00:00
3.服务器端操作
把从客户端传来的公钥添加到.ssh/authorized_keys中:
[root@linuxidc ~]
# cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
[root@linuxidc ~]
# chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
# authorized_keys的权限需要为600
修改ssh配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config,找到下面一行:
PubkeyAuthentication no
修改为:
PubkeyAuthentication
yes
4.测试
在客户端上使用密钥登陆到服务器上:
Last login: Tue May 9 15:14:01 2017 from 10.0.0.129
[root@linuxidc ~]
#
5.注意事项
在服务器端需要把selinux关闭,否则最后无法使用密钥进行远程登陆;
客户端使用scp命令时,在服务器端也需要安装ssh客户端,否则无法把公钥上传到服务器端,另外也可以使用ssh-copy-id [email protected]来代替scp操作(这样在服务器端也不需要执行创建.ssh目录等这些操作,即相当于该命令可以一步帮我们完成密钥的上传与配置工作);
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