KVM虚拟机的基本镜像和增量镜像
1、概述
实验目的：通过一个基础镜像（node.img），里面把各个虚拟机都需要的环境都搭建好，然后基于这个镜像建立起一个个增量镜像，每个增量镜像对应一个虚拟机，虚拟机对镜像中所有的改变都记录在增量镜像里面，基础镜像始终保持不变。
功能：节省磁盘空间，快速复制虚拟机。
环境：
基本镜像文件：node.img 虚拟机ID：node
增量镜像文件：node4.img 虚拟机ID：node4
要求：以基本镜像文件node.omg为基础，创建一个镜像文件node4.img，以此创建一个虚拟机机node4，虚拟机node4的改变将存储于node4.img中。
2、创建增量镜像文件
[root@target kvm_node]#qemu-img create -b node.img -f qcow2 node4.img
[root@target kvm_node]# qemu-img info node4.img
image: node4.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 20G (21495808000 bytes)
disk size: 33M
cluster_size: 65536
backing file: node.img (actual path: node.img)
#注：该实验只是针对qcow2格式的镜像文件，未测试raw格式的镜像文件是否可行。
3、创建虚拟机node4的XML配置文件
[root@target kvm_node]# cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/node.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml
[root@target kvm_node]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>node4</name> #node4的虚拟机名，须修改，否则与基本虚拟机冲突
<uuid>4b7e91eb-6521-c2c6-cc64-c1ba72707fe4</uuid> #node4的UUID，必须修改，否则与基本虚拟机冲突
<memory>524288</memory>
<currentMemory>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu cpuset='0-1'>2</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel5.4.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='localtime'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/virhost/kvm_node/node4.img'/> #将原指向/virhost/kvm_node/node.img改为node4.img
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='54:52:00:69:d5:f4'/> #修改网卡MAC，防止冲突
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='54:52:00:69:d5:e4'/> #修改网卡MAC，防止冲突
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5904' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0' passwd='xiaobai'>
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
4、根据xml配置定义虚拟机node4
[root@target kvm_node]#virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/node4.xml
[root@target kvm_node]#virsh start node4
5、测试
[root@target kvm_node]# du -h node.img
6.3G node.img
[root@target kvm_node]# du -h node4.img
33M node4.img
[root@node4 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=200 #在虚拟机node4上增量200M大小文件
200+0 records in
200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 1.00361 seconds, 209 MB/s
[root@target kvm_node]# du -h node.img #基本镜像文件node.img大小未变
6.3G node.img
[root@target kvm_node]# du -h node.img #增量镜像文件node4.img增加200M了
234M node4.img