使用Docker部署Nginx+Flask+Mongo的应用

Nginx做为服务器，Mongo为数据库支持，Flask为Python语言的Web框架，利用Docker的容器特性，可以简单地部署在linux服务器上

项目准备

项目主要目录如下

__ project-name
  |__ docker-file
    |__ ningx
      |__ Dockerfile
      |__ conf
        |__ nginx.conf
    |__ flask
      |__ Dockerfile
      |__ requirements.txt
    |__ mongo
      |__ Dockerfile
      |__ setup.sh
    |__ docker-compose.yml
  |__ src
    |__ app
      |__ ...
    |__ run.py

简要说明

docker-file目录为docker部署的配置文件

src目录为flask应用的python代码

Docker的详细配置

docker-compose配置

version: '2.2'
services:
 mongo:
  build: ./mongo
  volumes:
   - "./mongo/db:/data/db"
  restart: always
  ports:
   - "27017:27017"
  environment:
   MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
   MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
 flask:
  build: ./flask
  links:
   - mongo
  ports:
   - "5000:5000"
  expose:
   - "5000"
  volumes:
   - ../src:/home/web
 nginx:
   build: ./nginx
   links:
    - flask
   volumes:
    - "./nginx/log:/var/log/nginx"
    - "../:/usr/share/nginx/html"
   ports:
    - "80:80"
    - "8080:8080"
    - "443:443"
   restart: always

MongoDB的配置

/mongo/Dockerfile的内容如下

FROM mongo:3.6
# 设置时区
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
# 设置工作目录
ENV WORKDIR /usr/local/work
ENV AUTO_RUN_DIR /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
ENV INSTALL_MONGO_SHELL setup.sh
RUN mkdir -p $WORKDIR
# 复制数据库的初始化命令
COPY ./$INSTALL_MONGO_SHELL $AUTO_RUN_DIR/
RUN chmod +x $AUTO_RUN_DIR/$INSTALL_MONGO_SHELL

/mongo/setup.sh的内容如下

该文件的目的是，启动MongoDB后创建一个密码为test的用户test，并赋予它数据库test的读写操作

#!/bin/bash
mongo <<EOF
use admin;
db.auth('root', '123456');
use dmx_aluminum;
db.createUser({user:'test',pwd:'test',roles:[{role:'readWrite',db:'test'}]});
db.createCollection("user");
EOF

Flask应用的配置

/flask/Dockerfile的内容如下

FROM python:3.6
# 设置时区
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone

# 设置工作区
RUN mkdir -p /home/web
WORKDIR /home/web
# 添加依赖
ADD requirements.txt /home/web/requirements.txt
RUN pip3 install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/ -r requirements.txt

# 使用gunicorn启动应用
CMD gunicorn -w 4 -b 0.0.0.0:5000 run:app

/src/app/run.py的代码

此处注释了调试用的 app.run()，发布时用gunicorn启动

from app import create_app
app = create_app('default')
app.debug=False
# if __name__ == '__main__':
#  app.run()

Nginx的配置

/nginx/Dockerfile的内容如下

FROM nginx:1.14
# 设置时区
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
# 复制配置
COPY conf/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

/nignx/conf/nginx.conf的内容如下

user nginx;
worker_processes 1;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid    /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}


http {
  include    /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;

  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

  access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;

  keepalive_timeout 65;

  # 开启gzip
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  #gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 1;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;
  gzip_vary off;
  gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";

  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    keepalive_timeout 5;
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;

    location /static/ {
      alias /usr/share/nginx/html/src/app/static/;
    }

    location / {
      # checks for static file, if not found proxy to app
      try_files $uri @flask_app;
    }

    location @flask_app {
      proxy_pass http://192.168.0.2:5000; # 发布在阿里云上，应填写内网IP
      proxy_redirect off;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

      #proxy_buffers 8 32k;
      #proxy_buffer_size 64k;

    }
  }


}

启动部署

1. 进入docker-flie目录 cd docker-flie
2. 启动docker docker-compose up
3. 查看容器状态 docker ps
4. 本地部署浏览器输入 127.0.0.1即可

最后出现类似docker_file_nginx_1,docker_file_mongo_1, docker_file_flask_1的3个容器，说明成功！！！

踩坑吐槽

1 mongol容器中的初始化文件需要放在 docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 目录下

本人做过如下尝试，会显示 mongdb未启动。

ADD setup.sh /data/setup.sh
RUN chmod +x /data/setup.sh
CMD ["/data/setup.sh"]

2 flask应用无法连接mongo，本文使用link方式。

在数据库的配置应相应写成：

MONGODB_SETTINGS = {
    'db': 'test',
    'host': 'mongo', # 127.0.0.1 host地址一定要写你配置的--link的名字
    'username': 'test',
    'password': 'test',
    'port': 27017
  }

本地测试时改回127.0.0.1

3 nginx中配置使用的代理模式，其中执行flask应用的IP，应为内网IP