C语言字符串函数集锦(一)
说起字符串函数,我想大家都不陌生。字符串函数对二进制数据、字符串和表达式执行不同的运算。下面总结了C语言中的字符串函数。
1、函数名: stpcpy
功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
用 法:
char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; stpcpy(string, str1); printf("%s\n", string); return 0; }
2、函数名: strcat
功 能: 字符串拼接函数
用 法:
char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char destination[25]; char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; strcpy(destination, Borland); strcat(destination, blank); strcat(destination, c); printf("%s\n", destination); return 0; }
3、函数名: strchr
功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
用 法:
char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char string[15]; char *ptr, c = 'r'; strcpy(string, "This is a string"); ptr = strchr(string, c); if (ptr) printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); else printf("The character was not found\n"); return 0; }
4、函数名: strcmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法:
int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; int ptr; ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); else printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); else printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); return 0; }
5、函数名: strncmpi
功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
用 法:
int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; int ptr; ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); return 0; }
6、函数名: strcpy
功 能: 串拷贝
用 法:
char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; strcpy(string, str1); printf("%s\n", string); return 0; }
7、函数名: strcspn
功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
用 法:
int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main(void) { char *string1 = "1234567890"; char *string2 = "747DC8"; int length; length = strcspn(string1, string2); printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); return 0; }
8、函数名: strdup
功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用 法:
char *strdup(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main(void) { char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; dup_str = strdup(string); printf("%s\n", dup_str); free(dup_str); return 0; }
9、函数名: stricmp
功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
用 法:
int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; int ptr; ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); return 0; }
10、函数名: strerror
功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用 法:
char *strerror(int errnum);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <errno.h> int main(void) { char *buffer; buffer = strerror(errno); printf("Error: %s\n", buffer); return 0; }
11、函数名: strcmpi
功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
用 法:
int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; int ptr; ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); return 0; }
12、函数名: strncmp
功 能: 串比较
用 法:
int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
程序例:
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